Te Whakamahinga o ngā Pākete Poutere me ngā Pākete Purutia ki te Tuarangi

Ngā Momo me ngā Tāwahi Whakangungu o ngā Kapa Papa Tu

Ko te nuinga o ngā rāwekenga papa tu hou ka horoi ki ngā momo e toru o ngā kapa kia mau tonu te pūmahara: ngā kapa kona tika, ngā kapa parirau pōroto, me ngā kapa pou. Kei te mahi tēnei āhuatanga motuhake ia kapa ina honoia ngā pere me ngā pou. E ai ki ētahi rangahau i te mara, ko te whiriwhiri i te kapa tika mō te mahi e hiki ana i te 40% pea te tukanga o te wehe i te taumaha puta noa i te hanganga i te wāhanga ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hono e noho ana. He nui te take o tēnei whakapai ake mō te haumaru me te pūmahara ki ngā wāhi hanga.

Tirohanga Whānui o ngā Momo Kamera Tūauru: Ngā Kamera Tokorua, ngā Kamera Wiri, me ngā Kamera Poi

Ka whakamahia ngā kamera tokorua hei wāhi i ngā kokoru 90 nga here te rahi ki te hanga takotoranga mai i te timatanga. He pai hoki ngā putanga wiri, nā reira e taea ana e rātou te whakahaere i te tini pea o ngā koki i waenganui i te 15 koki ki te 135 koki, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā āhua herenga me ngā hanganga kore-taurite. Kei te kamera poi anō e hono ana i ngā punaha tuarā ki ngā mea pērā i ngā pou hiko I, i ngā poupou rūma ranei. E ai ki ētahi rangahau a te ahumahi i tākarotia i te tau ki muri, ko ēnei kamera poi kei te hia 62% o ngā hononga katoa e kitea ana i ngā takotoranga tuarā hakinakina ki te motu, nā te mea ka hiahia ngā kaimahi ki ētahi mea e mahi pai ana ki te nuinga o ngā take.

Te Tūmanako Whakangao o ngā Kamera Poi ki te Pakaru i ngā Tuarā ki ngā Poi Tautoko

Ko ngā pūpahi pūtōrino he karaihe kaha ā-wīra e pakari ana ki ngā tautoko whakapae, arā anō hei kaituhi i waenganui i ngā takotoranga mahi tārore me te hanganga matua o te whare. Ko ngā mata e hono ana ko te hoahoa motuhake ki ngā tapa rākau kia kaua e taraweti pea ina nekeha, ina tū ake. I whakaatu ngā whakamātautau kua pakari ēnei pūpahi ahakoa ngā kaha e 3.5 kilonewtons. Mō ngā rōpū hanga e mahi ana ki runga i ngā tuanui, ki ngā arapiki, ka hiranga ngā pūpahi pūtōrino nā te mea kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā totohu whenua arataki. E tuku ana i te pāmahutanga kāore hiahiatia te ruwhiri ki ngā hanganga kei reira, e penapena ai i te wā, e tiaki hoki i te kounga o ngā mea kei reira.

Ngā Pūpahi Tokorua mō ngā Hono 90-Nea me te Rawa Tukuna Kaha

I hoahoa mō ngā hononga tuarangi, ka eke ngā kaperi takiwā ki te 98% o te whakapiri iho ki te kōhatu trūtia ngā wae tapa pūmau. I whakaatu ngā tāwhai ārahi ko ēnei kaperi e pupuri ana i te pūkaha o te hononga 23% te pai ake i ngā tauira piripono i raro i te uta tuarangi anake, nō reira he mea tino pai mō ngā turanga takirua.

Ngā Kaperi Puna hei Kaitata ki ngā Huinga Kaupeka Kāore i te Tauā

Mā te 360° hurihuri, ka taea e ngā kaperi puna te tautoko i ngā pou whatitata ki ngā hanganga kāore i te rite pērā i ngā mata parata. Taea e tana whirihoranga rua-ara te whakauru i ngā tahumaero e taea ana kia 5° kia kaua e pakaru te kaha o te hononga, ahakoa e mōhiotia ana e ngā inijinihia mea kei te hiahiatia 15% atu anō ngā tirohanga torque i ngā kaperi kua tohua i te wā roa.

[^1]: Ngā raraunga mai i te pūrongo 2023 o te International Scaffolding Safety Institute (ISSI)
[^2]: Ngā hua mai i ngā tāwhai taiwhanga takitahi ki te paerewa EN 74-1:2022

Te Aronga me te Maruaroa o ngā Kaperi Puna me ngā Kaperi Whirihora

Ngā Kaperi Parirau Puna mō ngā Kīanga Māmā ki ngā Hanganga Herenga, Herenga rānei

Ko ngā pāki kōpī e tuku ana i te 280 nea o te hurihanga, nā reira koia nei ngā mea tino pai mō ērā mahi paraihe heru heru kei hea kāore ngā mea i ngā rārangi tika. Whakaarohia ngā ataata porotoko, i ngā whare e hiahiatia ana kia whakapai ake ai i te pūkenga herekau. I āta whakamātau mātou i ēnei mea, kua mau tonu i te kākahu katoa hāunga ngā kona 45 nea—ko tētahi mea matua whai hua ina hiahiatia e ngā kaimahi te faipū i ngā toto arawhiti ki ngā parirau, ki ngā tūrama tarawa. Ko te mea e wehe ana i a rātou ko te punaha tuarua tuarongo e hāngai ana ki te +12 nea, -12 nea o te whakarahitanga. Kāore he hiahia ki te whakarerekē i ngā tahumaero i te wā o te whakauru, e penapena ana i te wā, he mea matua nui ina kua iti noa te wāhi i ngā tūwāhi hanga i te tāone.

Ngā Pāki Tahumaero Āwhio mō ngā Rahi Tahumaero Rerekē me ngā Whakaritenga Tāone

Ka taea e ngā kapa pūkana e whai waonga ana te ake o ngā parirau e toru mita haurua ki te tekau ma hia mita haurua, tēnei nā te hoahoa rere o te kam. Arā, kāore hea anō hiahia ngā kaimahi hanga e mahi ana i ngā wāhi e noho ana ngā pūtini I e rerekē ana ngā rahi ki ngā momo kapa maha. E ai ki te rangahau i tukuna ki te ao i te tau ki muri e ārotake ana i te haumātao o ngā tikanga hanga rereke, i tere ake ngā kaimahi i te 30 ōrau ki te whakarerekē i ngā hanganga ina whakamahia ana ēnei kapa whakarahitanga, tēnei i te wā e whanaketia ana ngā hōhipera ki te tiriti. Engari ko te mea e tū ake ana, ko te roa o te ora i ngā tikanga pūmahara. Mā te takotoranga motuhake o te tungsten ki ngā wāhanga pakipaki, ka taea te nuku i te tekau pea ngā wā kaua ko ngā thread e marorotia ana, ēnei mea e iti ana te taea e ngā kape houngia paparahua anuanu i ngā whakamātau pērā i ngā wāhi mahi pono.

Te Pakaru o te Matērihi me te Whakapainga ki ngā Tikanga Taiao o ngā Kōpae Tūāpapa

Te Hanganga Hiko Kiriwhero mō te Pakaru Roa me te Whakapainga ki te Wareware

Mō ngā pūpahi mō te tēpeke, me whai mātēraera e taea ai ngā wehenga whakamātau maha nei i te wā tonu ka noho tonu te kaha o te hanganga. E ai ki ētahi rangahau hou i te ao, ko te hinu kīroiroi anuanu te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu i te wā penei. E rua ngā wā tekau pea aua huinga kīroiroi i mua i te hiahia ki te whakakapi, e ai ki ngā kitenga a ShelterRC i te tau ki muri. He aha te mea e pai ai tēnei paraire hiriwa-hinu ki te pakanga i ngā pirau? Kei te mahi i ngā ara e rua ana. Tuatahi, ko ia anō e whakatangata ana ina tūpato ki te hau, ka aukati i te rihonga. Tuarua, kei te kapa taiepa kaha tēnei e tū auvā ake ana ki ngā mea e hākari mai ana ki te wā roa. Ā, kaua hoki e wareware i te mahi tinihanga tikanga ki te katoa o tēnei mea. Ina tino whai whakaaro ngā kaihanga ki ngā taipitopito i te wā o te hanga, ka mutu he iti ake ngā arawhata iti ka hangaia ki te matēraera—ēnei anō ngā wāhi i tīmata ai te korarora.

Te Tiaki i te Pūngao i roto i ngā Taiao Raruraru: Nga Piriti, nga Taunga Moana, me ngā Wāhi Ahumahi

I a rātau e whiriwhiri ana i ngā kōpaki hei mahi i ngā takutai moana, i roto i ngā whare matū, i runga rānei i ngā piriti e whakamahia auau ana ngā tote whakawātea, ka arotahi ngā kaipūkaha ki te kaha o te aukati i ngā rauemi ki te kino o te taiao. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau i mahia i roto i ngā rūma maroke, ka taea e ngā kōpaki whakahinuhinu te mahi tika mō te 1,200 haora, e toru ngā wā te roa ake i te mea e kitea ana i ngā kōpaki whakakikoruatia i te paura e ai ki te rangahau i whakaputaina e Sunjelec i te tau 2022. Ko ngā whare moana e anga atu ana ki ngā pūngao tote tino nui, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana ngā kōwhiringa maitai kore e whai ana i ngā whakarewa chromium nickel nā te mea he pai ake te tiaki i aua poka kino e huaina ana e ngā chlorides. He tino rerekē hoki te moni i penapena i runga i te tiaki anake. I kitea e ngā arotake tūturu o ngā kaupapa hanganga roa i te taha o ngā takutai, ka heke iho te 37 ōrau o ngā utu mo te whakatika i roto i ngā tau e maha mā te whakamahi i ēnei hoahoa kaha.

Te Kawenga Kawenga, Te Mahi, me te Whakamātautau o te Ao Pono o ngā Pūkaha Pū

Ko ngā tohu kaha kawenga mō ngā kōpaki poutū tūmau me te hurihuri i raro i ngā āhuatanga paerewa

Ko nga kōpaki poutū tuturu ka whakahaere i nga kawenga nui ake i a raatau hoa hurihuri. E kōrero ana mātou mō te 3,500 ki te 4,200 pauna te kaha tūmau ki te 2,800 ki te 3,300 pauna mō ngā hurihuri nā te mea he tino pakari te hanga o ngā tauira tuturu. Ko ētahi whakamātautau motuhake tata nei e tautoko ana i ēnei tau e ai ki ngā aratohu ANSI/ASSE A10.8-2019. Engari he mea whakamīharo, i te wā i tukuna ki ngā whakamātautau uaua e whakaata ana i ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu mai i ngā aronga maha, he 12 ōrau te kino ake o ngā mahi a ngā kōpeke hurihuri i te mea i tūmanakohia. He mea nui anō te haumaru i konei. Me whakauru e ngā kaiwhakanao tētahi āhuatanga haumaru e whā ki te kotahi kia pai ai te mahi ki ngā mea pēnei i te whakakoi o te whakarewa i muri i ngā tau o te whakamahinga me te whakakahore āta haere o ngā hononga.

Te mahi hanganga i raro i ngā kawenga hihiri me ngā kawenga motuhake i roto i ngā papa teitei

Ko ngā whakamātau e hāngai ana e whakaatu ana ko te paku o te tōtika e ngaro ana i te mea 18 ki te 22 ōrau o tōna kaha e mōhiotia ana ina pāngia e ngā hau hukapapa neke atu i te 30 miri ia haora. Ina tāpiri ngā kaimahi mea pērā i ngā arawhata, ngā rārangi haumaru rānei, ehara i te tūtohu noa te uta. Ko te uta tuarangi nei ka heke iho te mahi a ngā paku, ā, kaite 35% pea te hekenga i te kiko. Mō ngā whare e toro ana ki te rangi, me tirotiro ngā kapa e mana ana ngā totohe ia rua marama pea. Ko te takirua mai i te whakamahinga noa i raro i te wera, e maroke haere ana ēnei totohe matua, ā, e wareatia ana te torque i waenganui i te 8 ki te 10 Newton meter ia tau mēnā kāore i te tirotiro.

Te whakamātautau i ngā kīanga a te kaihanga ki ngā whakamātau i te ao tinana: te whakatika i ngā tātaitanga uta e whakawhitinga

I te 2023, i āta tiro ngā kairangahau ki ngā pūpahi tooroko mōhio 42 ka kite i tētahi mea whakapaea: ko te tuatoru pea i kore e mau tonu i raro i ō rātou roanga herekore e whakahuatia ana ina whakaurua ana ki ngā whakamātautau toronga arataki. Ko te raru? He nui ngā kamupene e whakamātautia ana ō rātou hua i ngā tikanga "mōhio", arā anō nei te wareware i ngā mea a te ao tūmatanui pērā i ngā panonitanga o te haumāpeka, i te paru e uru mai ana ki ngā taputapu. Nō reira i timata ai ngā rōpū tiwhikete tūmatanui ki te tango i ngā here whakamātautau heke ake nei. Inaianei me whakamārama ngā kaihanga kua taea e ō rātou pūpahi te manaaki i te taumaha o te 500 tauine ake anō, tae atu ki te pānga kua whakarāputia ki te waimātukutuku mua i te whakapono anō ki ō rātou kōrero.

Te Arataki ki ngā Paerewa Haumaru Tiriti mo ngā Pūpahi Tooroko

Te Tutuki i ngā paerewa AS 1576, BS 1139, me EN 74 mō te kiko hanga me te haumaru

Ina whai wāhi ngā pēkeperepere tūāpapa ki te AS 1576 mai i Awherika, te BS 1139 i Peretānia, me te EN 74 i Eropi, ka hangaia he turanga haumaru noa e mahi pai ana i ngā tūrua hanga i te ao katoa. Kei te AS 1576 o Awherika i te mea e here ana i ngā matapae kia taea te manaaki i ngā kaha tōtara e 500 MPa ana, ina hurihuri ana ki ngā uta nui rawa. I te wā ano, i Peretānia, ko te BS 1139 e arataki ana kia tōtika ngā mea katoa, kia mau te āhua i roto i te 1.5mm kia kaua ngā torohuka e hapa i te hononga. Ka whakamātauria ngā pēkeperepere whakaaetia e te EN 74 o Eropi mōrearea mā te whakauru i ngā uta o 10 kN i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, tētahi mea i whakapumautia e ētahi rārangi rangahau mō te haumaru tūāpapa. Ko te mea hihiri, ina whiwhi ngā kaihanga whakapūakitanga tuatoru ki ēnei paerewa, ka iti ake te maha o ngā pakanga pēkeperepere pea 83% i te nuinga o aua kāore i te whiwhi tiwhikete tika, ā, ko te pūrongo hou rawa (2023) mō te haumaru tūāpapa e kī ana i tēnā.

Me pēhea ngā āpiti paerewa e whakanui ai i te haumaru o te tūwāhi, te hākinenga mō ngā ātirotiro, me te whai mātai i ngā tikanga

Mō ngā āpiti paerewa, ka āwhina tino pai ki te whakararahira i te tukanga mātai i runga i ngā rohe rerekē, nā te mea e whakaae ana ngā hāhi katoa ki ō rātou tuhinga i te timatanga. Ko ēnei tuhinga kei roto he whakapuāwai matū, me ngā korero mō te whakamātau kawenga. Ko ngā kaupapa hanga e whai ana i ngā wae kua paerewa BS 1139 ka tiki tonu i ngā whakaaetanga ātirotiro 40% tere ake i ētahi atu. He aha ai? Nā te mea e mōhio ana katoa ki te aronga o ngā toki torque (heoi anō pea i waenganui i te 8 ki te 10 Newton meters) ā, ka taea hoki te tirotiro i te nekeneke o te whakapīroiro i te tūwāhi. Tētahi anō he oranga nui ina pā ki ngā take tūmatanui ina hiahiatia ngā whakatikatika tere. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te tango i ngā wae takotoranga mai i tētahi kaihoko kaua ko te whakapono ki te whai wāhitanga, e penapena ana i te wā, ā, ka pupuri i ngā hanganga hei haumaru, pūmau hoki.

FAQ

• He aha ngā momo matua o ngā āpiti tūwāhi?
  Ko ngā momo pāpāhere here tūmatanui ko ngā pāpāhere kona tika, ngā pāpāhere waha piripiri, me ngā pāpāhere pou.
• He aha te take e pio ai ki ngā pāpāhere kona tika mō ngā hononga 90-koma?
  Ka eke ngā pāpāhere kona tika ki te 98% o te hiko ki te hiko, ā ka pupuri i te pumau o te hononga 23% pai ake i ngā tauira piripiri i raro i te uta tuarangi.
• Me pēhea e whakanui ai ngā pāpāhere pou i te haumātauranga i te hanga?
  Ka hono ngā pāpāhere pou i ngā papa tūāpapa takotoranga ki te hanganga matua o te whare, kāore he ruaruatanga, e tuku ana i te pumau me te tiaki i ngā hanganga kei reira kē.
• He aha te matū e pio ana kia mahi pāpāhere here kia pumau?
  Ko te hinu parahiko te matū e pio ana nā te roa o te ora me te mātai keri, e aukati ana i te parurenga me te hinga hanganga i te wā.
• He aha te nuinga o te arataki i ngā tīmataka haumātauranga inamata pērā i te AS 1576, BS 1139, me EN 74?
  Ko te arataki i ēnei tīmataka e whakarite ana i te kintanga o te hanganga me te haumātauranga, e heke iho ai ngā hinganga pāpāhere me te whakamāmautia i ngā tikanga tirotirohanga puta noa i te ao.