Kopikoata Teitei mō ngā Hanganga Teitei

Te Mātauranga i ngā Wae Kuaoti Cuplock me te Hoahoa Pūhou

Ngā Wae Kuaoti Matua o te Mātāpuna Cuplock me ō rātou Tāwahi

Ko te punaha waitāhua cuplock i hangaia mō ngā waahanga matua e toru: ngā paerewa tuuru, ngā papa tuarangi, me ngā whatitiri takirua e ware ana i te nuinga o te wā. Ko ngā paerewa tuuru ngā pou tautoko matua mō te hanganga katoa. Ka whakaputangia ratou ma te haurua mita ki te mita kotahi hāngai, ahakoa ko te tawhiti tika ka huri ki ngā hiahia a te whare. Kātahi ka tū ake ngā papa tuarangi e hono ana i ēnei pou tuuru kia rua mita te tawhiti i te taha tuarangi. Ko te mea motuhake ki a rātou ko te hononga karu karaehe nei e kore e hiahiatia he totohu, he rīwai rānei e noho ana. I tētahi purongo haumaru hou i te tau 2023, i kitea tētahi mea hoki pai mō tēnei tūmau: ka iti ake ngā hara i te wā o te whakauru mā te toru haurua ina whakarārangitia ki ngā tikanga waitāhua tawhito.

Hoahoa Mokowā me te Uānga mō ngā Hanganga Herenga

Ki tana raraunga mōhiohio 500mm, ka taea e tēnei punaha te whakarārangi i ngā whakawhitinga mō ngā āhuatanga pīroiroi katoa pērā i ngā arai curu, ngā marautanga maha, me ngā wāhi āhua hāweera. Ko ngā punaha tu-tohu-a-tauira e hiahiatia ana te whakarerekenga ā-ringa, engari he rerekē te mahi a cuplock ki ana wāhi hangarua. Ka uru noa ki ngā pūtau cantilever ina hangaia ngā parapara, ka taea te whakapae tae atu ki te 60 mita e ai ki ngā tinihanga BS EN 12811, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi tahi me te nuinga i te 65 ngā taputapu ōrite. Hei tauira anake ngā tūmau ataata, engari kei reira anō maha atu. Mā te hoahoa e tino kitea ana i tēnei waahanga nui pea, nā reira i te āhua pīroiroi i ēnei herekore.

Te Mātai i te Huinga me te Paparorohiko o te Cuplock Scaffolding

Ko ngā paerewa tuarangi kei runga i ngā kapu takotoranga kua pariria e 500mm te wehe i waenganui i a rātou. Ka pakaru ngā kapu runga ka tūhono ai ki ērā hōhonu. Mō ngā hononga, ko te pānga kotahi pai ki te patu anake e hāpai ana i te mea katoa. E hangaia ana e tēnei ngā hononga kōtaha kaha e huinga ana pea whā ngā wā tere ake i ngā punaha torona ohorere. Ko te āhuatanga e tū ake ana ko te āhua aunoa e tangata ana i te katoa o te mahi herekore i te whakauru i ngā wae. Kei roto tonu te punaha i ngā inenga tino tika ±3mm i te wā katoa o te hui. Mō te tangata katoa e mahi ana i ngā whare tūpoko kei hea te tika e nui ake ana, ko te tika o tēnei momo e hereni ana i te ao.

Te Tūmanako o ngā Paerewa Tuarangi me ngā Pukapuka Hōhonu i te Wehenga Utu

Ka tuku ngā paunatanga tuarangi pūmau ki ngā papamau, ā, kua tae ngā kapai ake i whakamātauria ki te 34 tonne ia waewae. Ka tukuna ngā pae horizontal i ngā uta ora tōtika ki te take 3:1, ka iti ake te hui o ngā totohu. Kua whakapumautia e ngā tauira parahaki karuwha te pumau i raro i ngā hau tere e 28m/s ana, ka nui ake i te roa o OSHA e 17.8m/s mō ngā marae kīato.

Whakaurunga o ngā Tāhuhu Diagonal mō te Pumau Tāwāhi

Kua oti ngā āki ki te āhua tuarangi, ka pakaru i te nuinga o te nekenga tāwhai i te wā o te whakamātau, e te 78%. Ka whakairia ēnei ki ngā kōngā o 45 piriaki, houhanga mō ia whā kōpae ki te tūanuku. Kātahi ka aukati i ngā kaha piripono ina kāore ngā kawenga e wehe ana tika, ka taea hoki te whānuitanga o ngā wae taputapu metara ina hurihuri ai te wera, ā, ko ēnei anō hoki ngā wāhi haumaru hei hono i ngā taputapu tauparapara. Nō reira i hangaia ki te hēra kōwaro, ka pakari tēnei hanganga ki te rāhua. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau ko te rāhua e neke ana noa rānei e 0.12mm ia tau e ai ki ngā tīmataka ASTM. Arā, ka roa ake i te 25 tau te ora o ēnei hanganga, ā, āno he tata ki te moana kei reira ka āwhina te auawa kōpara ki te huruhuru.

Te Whakaturanga Whakatakotoranga me te Tikanga Huihui Tēnā Tēnā

Te whakamātau wāhi mua i te whakauru me ngā whakaaro whakamahere

E ai ki ngā pūrongo whai mātai a OSHA mai i te tau 2023, ka taea e ngā whakarākei takiwā tika te penapena i ngā hapa whakauru reta 40%. Ina whakaturia ana, me tirotiro ngā inžiniera mēnā ka taea e te whenua te tautoko i te taumaha e takotoria ana ki runga. E hia rau kN per mita tapawhā te herekore mo te nuinga o ngā whakaurunga paerewa. Me titiro hoki rātou ki ngā mea e karapotia ana ki runga i te tata ki te ono mita mai i te wāhi ka whakaturia te hanganga, ā, me tuhituhi tika tēnei. Kāore anō te whakarite pai kua mutu. He mea nui hoki te whakapau kia whai wāhi noa mō ngā matapae me ngā taputapu i te wā o te hanga. Kaua hoki te wareware i ngā ara putanga mō ngā take tūmatanui. Me arataki ēnei e ngā rārangi e whakaratohia ana e ngā tohunga haumaru ahumahi, engari e whakaatu ana te wheako mōrearea ko te haere ake i ngā herekore matua e utu ana i te roanga atu.

Te tikanga whakauru mō te kapu pāpaku

1. Whakatakotoria ngā papamuri i ngā wāhi e 2.5m te waenga i runga i te whenua paraihe, marima
2. Whakauruhia ngā paerewa poutū ki ngā ipu kei raro, kia kī tonu te whakauru 500mm
3. Tāpirihia ngā aratohu horizonti ki te arataki ipu-ā-rākau; he reo pā e whakapumautia ana te tūponotanga
4. Whakauruhia ngā transoms i ngā wātea poutū 2m hei tautoko i ngā atamira mahi
5. Whakaputangia ngā whatitoka diagonal ia 6.5m ki te taha ki te hanga i ngā porowhita tōpuhi katoa

Ngā tikanga pai rawa mō te hui me te hanga takotoranga

Pāngia katoa ngā hononga ki te torque 85–95 Nm mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu kua whakarārangitia. Tāpirihia ngā āta tirotiro i ia rā mō ngā mea e whai ake nei:

• Te ahuatea o te joint cup e piki ake ake i te 2mm
• Te whakarahitanga poutū e piki ake ake i te 1:500 te take ki te teitei
• Te whāngetanga o te papa tuarangi i te waho o te roa L/200

Tāruatia te whakamātau kawenga takitahi (100%, 125%, kātahi ka 150% o te kawenga hoahoa) mua i te urupareu ki ngā kaimahi, ā, ina he nuinga ngā rōpū e pa ana ngā kaha huihui ki ngā rōpū kei raro.

Kapata o te Kawenga, Te Tūponotanga Pūtahitanga, me te Whakapūakitanga Ingarangi

Te Kapata Kawenga o te Papa Tuarangi Cup Lock i Rawa i Ngā Tikanga Māmā

Āwhina ngā punaha Cuplock i te tae atu ki te 585 kg/m² i ngā tikanga noho (BS EN 12811-1:2021). Ko ngā kaha māmā—including te hau (≈30 mph), te nuinga o ngā kaimahi, me ngā tanumaga matērahi—ka whakaiti i te kapata e whai ake ana 15–20%, e ai ki ngā tauira kawenga kua whakapūaki mā ngā tohu tāwhai. E here ana a OSHA i ngā huinga whakaiti i waenganui i te 0.5 me te 0.7 mō ngā papa tuarangi reo rāwau, i ngā wāhi e pakari ana ki te rū whenua.

Ngā Matapuna Ingarangi mō te Tūponotanga Pūtahitanga i ngā Papa Tuarangi Teitei

E wātea ana ngā paerenga ≈2.5m e uta ana i te 73% o ngā tāponga whakapinga, i te mea ka herea e ngā taurekareka horizonti te pōkai tāwhai. Ko ngā whakamātautau tuatoru e whakaatu ana ko te mātā kohua e pupuri ana i te āhua o raro iho i te L/250 ki te 30m ina whakauria ngā whatitoka ki ia rua tekau mā ono. Mō ngā karu takotoranga, e tohe ana ngā mātai hinu kia rua noa ngā takotoranga taurekareka kia taea ai te here i ngā kaha momoite.

Ngā raraunga mo ngā Tāponga Mahi Haumaru Rawa mai i ngā Whakamātau Ahumahi

Ko ngā āhuatanga whakaaetanga e whakaatu ana:

• Ngā paninga kotahi-tata: 750 kg/m² (per ngā whakamātau pūmau EN 12811)
• Ngā aronga anuanu: 300 kg/m² (ko te take per OSHA 1926.451(c))
  Ko te whakamātai he 150% ake te tāponga mō te 24 haora kātahi ka āhua ai te tirotiro kore-hera. Ka pupuri tonu ngā huinga mātā karboni i te 98% o te kaha tāponga i muri i ngā 10 wehepuka puia, e whakaatu ana i te kaha roa-roa.

Tautohe: Te Tārere Tino Nui o ngā Inenga Tāponga i ngā Paninga Anuanu

He 2021 Te Pukapuka Whaiaronga Pūtahitanga i kite te rangahau ko te 22% o ngā herenga paraihe i tākarotia ana i ngā whirihoranga e mahi ana i raro i te 50% o ngā āhuatanga tohutohu a te kaihanga. Ko ngā aronga matua ko:

1. Te uta whakaroa i runga i ngā rāwiti kua honoa
2. Ngā titi ā-harmonik i ngā tiamu e pānui ake ana i te 35m
3. Te wareware pūrere kei te taha o ngā maha o ngā wāhi uta, e 1,200 nekehanga
   Ko ngā raraunga paraipari mai i ngā kaupapa arapiki e whakaatu ana ko ngā mātāponga haumaru kei te 15–40% i raro ake i ngā matapae teoritiki i ngā whakaurunga herenga, maha ngā whanonga

Ngā tikanga Haumaru, Tiaki i te Tōkotoko, me te Haumaru Kaiwhakahaere i te Teitei

Ngā Tikanga Haumaru Mō te Mahi i te Teitei Motuhake ki ngā Pūnaha Cuplock

Ko te Rūnanga Tiaki Haumātauranga me te Hauora Mahi e here ana i ngā tirohanga auaha ki ngā wāhi taketake pērā i ngā paunatia tuarangi me ngā hononga āhuatanga, i ngā wā roa rawa o te 1,000 haora mahi. E ai ki ngā raraunga hou mai i te Rūnanga Tiaki Oranga o te Motu i te tau 2023, neke noa i te haurua (neke atu i te 52%) o ngā take katoa e pā ana ki ngā parapara hāngai ka hua mai i te wareware, i te whakakore rānei e whakauru ngā rāranga tiaki tāwhai me ngā papamotu. Me āki kaua he aha te pūkenga e mahi ana i runga ake i te ono ūpoko, ina koa ngā punaha ākihere whenua me ngā taurekareka ā-tinana e mōhiotia ana mō te whakakaha i te OSHA tauā 1910.28. Ahakoa kei te huihuia ngā parapara hāngai hou anō hei waeine e iti ake ai ngā hara i te wā o te whakaturanga, kāore he tangata e tika ana kia watea i ngā tikanga matua. Ko ngā tirohanga i ia rā ki ngā taputapu tiaki, tae atu ki ngā whatitiri, he mea nui tonu kia tiakina te katoa i te wāhi mahi.

Tiaki i te Tōhatoha me ngā Tikanga Tiaki Tāwhai mō ngā Arataki Teitei

Ko ngā punaha whakamarumaru i ngā tapa e hono ana i ēnei rā anō i ētahi atu kōrero matua e rua, ā, koia ko ngā takotoranga haumanu e taea ai te herepaku i te 2,500 pauna ki te mita tapawhā, tahi anō ko ngā wāhi here hoki-ake e noho ana i roto i te waru kītora tētahi i tētahi. Ko te paerewa hou o ANSI/ISEA mai i te tau 2023 ka arataki ki te whakaiti i ēnei pōkai kino ina mahi ana ki runga, me ngā wāhi here tāwhai e toru tekau mā rua kītora tonu te tawhiti i waenganui i a rātou. E ai ki ngā nama i tukuna e te Tari Tatauranga Mahi i te tau ki muri, ko ngā kaimahi e whakamahi ana i ēnei punaha hou ka kitea he toru haurua te itinga o ngā whara e hāngai ana ki te taka i te tāpoi i ngā punaha tawhito i kore nei e ū ki ngā hereonga o nāianei. Ko tēnei momo whakapai ake e hāngai pū ana ki ngā wāhi mahi i reira ko te haumaru anō te take matua mō katoa ngā tāngata e uru mai ana.

Ngā Whakaaro Mō Te Hoahoa Piriti hei Whakanui I Te Haumaru Kaimahi

Ko te punaha pūkete kei roto i te takotoranga Cuplock e āwhina ana kia tōkepu ngā wāhi katoa o te hanganga. Kua whanaketia ake anō te haumaru mā ngā mea pērā i ngā kōpae kāore e slip ki runga i ngā takotoranga, me te tawhiti e mau ana i waenganui i ngā mema horizonta e 12 iniha noa atu. E ai ki tētahi whakamātau manawaroa i te tau ki muri, ka taea e te hiriwa taraiwa te tino whakapainga i ngā wehenga pēra i te toru ngā wā atu i ngā kōwhiringa paraihe. Engari he raru e tika ana kia mōhio: kei te wareware tonu te pēnei o te 4 i te 10 o ngā kaihoko OSHA aratohanga ina hangaia e rātou ngā hanganga kore-taurite. Heoi anō rātou i te wātea i te arataki 1:4 mō ngā ine tuarā ki te teitei. Ko tēnei huarahi poto e hāngai ana ki te pēnei o te kaupeka e whā tekau mā rua o ngā herenga takotoranga i ripoatia hōhonu.

Te Āta Kimihanga, Te Tiaki, me te Roa-Ora o ngā Takotoranga Cuplock

He mea matua herekore ngā tikanga āta kimihanga hei tiaki i te kaha o te hanganga i te ao katoa i te ora ratonga o tētahi takotoranga cuplock. Ngā āta kimihanga meā heke i mua i te hui, i muri i ngā āhuatanga huarere tino kino, me ngā wā e whai ake ana i ia wiki e OSHA 1926.451(f)(3). Ko ngā tohu matua o te pā ki te rewharewha ko:

• Te ahuatea o te kapu e pānui ake ana i te 1.5mm (e ASTM F2653-23)
• Te iti ake o te tino kapia o te raupapa e pānui ake ana i te 10% o te kanga takitahi
• Kōhatu kitea ki ngā pūwā o ngā paerewa tuarangi

He matua herekore te tiaki aukati, āhua ake pea i ngā taiao pīroiroi. Kei te whakamahi te nuinga o ngā kaihanga whakapipi hauhake ki te 85µm te tino kapia, i whakapumautia e tētahi kaupapa rangahau e āki ai te kōhatu e 8–12 tau i ngā rohe tai. Mō ngā paraihe kei te mahi, ko te whakaputa i ngā karaihe anti-seize ki ngā kapu hono ia rua wiki e 73% te penapena i te kōwaro, e ai ki te Arotake Haumaru Tōpiko 2024.

Ka puta tētahi uaua i te ao hangarau nā ngā hereketanga e tautohe ana:

1. Ko te whakamahi anuanu e pai ake ai ngā rauemi eke noa ana pērā i te stīra S355JR
2. Ka hua mai te uta puipui i ngā wāhi hono kapu
   Ko ngā whakamātautau hōkai-tension hou e whakaatu ana ko ngā rereketanga maimoatia ka tīmata i muri i te 18,000–22,000 ngā wehenga uta ki ngā wāhanga kua whakamahia anō— 35% māmā ake i ngā tātaitanga a mua (Te Pūrongo Rāwekenga Tāpahi Mātāwai 2024). E tohu ana tēnei he mea nui ngā tikanga ā-mihini kore-herenga hei whakamātau, pērā i te tākarotia ā-magneti, i ngā tikanga whakapumautanga anō.

Wāhanga FAQ

He aha te vantex matua o te whakamahi i te tāpahi cuplock?

Ko te vantex matua o te tāpahi cuplock ko tana hoahoa takirua e āwhina ana i ngā whiringa maha me te āhua, ka pai ai mō ngā hanganga herenga me ngā ahunga maha.

Me pēhea te mahi a te taputapu pakaru ki te tāpahi cuplock?

Ko te taputapu pakaru ki te tāpahi cuplock e uru mai ana he ipu runga e pakaru ana i ngā mema horizonti, me te patunga pare, e pakaru ana katoa, e whakarato ana i te tautoko hanganga e whā ngā wā tere ake i ngā tikanga tawhito.

He aha ngā tikanga haumaru e hoapakia ana mō te whakamahi i ngā punonga cuplock?

Ko ngā tikanga haumaru he arotake tata, whakauru i ngā rākau arai tika me ngā papa tuarā, me te whakamahi i ngā punaha aukati pana me ngā rope e karo ai te pana ina mahi ana ki te maia.

E hia nekenga ka tirohia ngā paraihe cuplock mō te roa o te kiko?

Me tirohia ō wāhi ki ngā paraihe cuplock i mua i te whakauru, i muri i ngā āhuatanga huarere tino kino, me ia wiki kia pūmau ai te hanga.