Ukusebenzisa kwezinkunkuma zeSteel kwiSistemu zeScaffolding

Ukudizayina Nokudibaniswa Kwesithethezo Kwezinkunkuma ZeSteel

Umdingezelo otholakala futhi amanzi amathuba ahlelweyo wezinkunkuma zeSteel (isibonelo, ububanzi be-225mm, ubude be-1–3m)

Iplengi zomoya zasembeleliwa ngendlela ephathelene ukuze kuthuthukise ukuseta kwesikhangeli, esinobubanzi besisiseko se-225mm—esabelwa kakhulu emthwebeni—andizimelezile kusuka ku-1 kuze kube ngu-3 mita. Lezi zilinganiso zihlinza ukuba zifakwe ngokufanele kumagugu amadoda nemithombo yokuphatha, kuvulekile ukusetyenziswa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwebumbili yezigaba.

Inqubo yohlunga-nophawu yokuhlangana kwegumba eliqinile

Inqubo yohlunga-nophawu yokudluliswa kwegumba ihlinza ubunzima bempililo ngokuxhasa ngqo nezinkawu zotshani, ukukhokha ukuchazwa okungaphandle, nokudluliswa kwezimali ngokuphelele. Leli candelo esimethodekileyo likhansela imiphumela yokuguquka engaqondakali kuzo zodwa izandla ezintandindini zamva, ihlinza ukulungelelana noma kungekhona izimali ezikhulu.

Izinhlobo zezipilanki zomoya: uhlelo lwesibhidi kusuka kwezimbili

Ukucushwa	Izicelo	Inkoko Yenkilo
Isibhidi esisodwa	Ukulungisa okuncane, izindlela zokuhlala	300 kg/m²
Izibhidi ezimbili	Izixhobo ezikhulu, ukugcina kwamakhemikhali	750 kg/m²

Iplengi zesi-bhodi ezimbili ziqukethe i-stiffeners ezivertical phakathi kwezidlaka ezimbili ukuze kube ngezinkinga, kepha zizimelela kakhulu emkhawulweni okuphezulu. Iinguqu ezisi-bhodi esinye ziqaphela ubunzima obuncane ukusebenziswa kwi-scaffolding ephindwayo noma ethintwayo.

Umboniso wematerial, izihlalo zesandla, nezinto eziphatha indima yomthombo

Zenzelwe ngokwehluko lwe-S355 we-structural steel (ubunzima bokuthinta 355 MPa), iplengi ze-steel zibekwa kwi-galvanizing engaphaya ngokwesiprofesi ukuze zilindele kakhulu. Kuzo zongeziwe i-diamond-pattern embossing (0.8mm deep) ukuze akwazi ukungena, i-powder coating enezithelo eziqine, ne-end plates ezingaphezu kuka-4mm ezingaqinileyo ezingenhla kwezinkinga ezibalulekileyo.

Indima yamapleni we-steel ekwakha izigaba ze-scaffolding eziphathelene

Xa kuthunyelwa ngamabhilishi nezinkinga, izinkawu zezinto zenzela izihlalo ezigcwele, ezigcwele ezingena kakhulu kumathuba amaningi. Ukugcina kwabo kukhazimula ukuphendula ku-ØL/200 phakathi komthelelo onganini, kuyekisa ubomi bokusebenza nokufaneleka nokulondoloziwa kohlelo lwempilo lomphakathi.

Ubukhulu Bomthelelo Nezidingo Zempilo Yezinkawu Zezinzo

Ubukhulu Bomthelelo Osebenzayo Neqiniso Lezinkawu Zezinzo

Izinkawu zezinzo zemphakathi zibonisa iqiniso lokusebenta, ngezinhleli ezibalulekile zangoma 1.57m ebonisa ukukhathala komthelelo waphakathi 7.56 kN zizagcina ubume phakathi nomthelelo (gcinani izinto) nomthelelo osebenzayo (sebenzi sokusebenza), ziyephepha indawo engcono ka-OSHA ya 4:1 yobubi bomthwalo womphakathi.

Ukusabalalisa Ngesitya Ne-aluminum: Ubuchule Besebenzisa Umthelelo

Umdla wokulinganisa kwamashiti 2023 uwabona ukuthi izinkawu zezinzo zingena kakhulu 220% omthelelo ophezulu kunesitya futhi zinikeza ubukhulu kune-40% bebenzi kunesithelo ngaphansi kwebala elikhulu lika-1,500 lb/ft². Lokhu kumelela ukuthula okuphakade nokunciphisa ukugayaya okuhlanganisa emthwabeni ngemva kokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe, ukuqinisekisa ubude bezindleko nezimiso ezigcwele.

Izimali Zokulungiswa Ngokulahlekelwa: Ukulandelana Ne-BS-EN 12811

Amabhloka aphepha aqondene ne-BS-EN 12811 ane-deck enezibuko enobude baka-6.3mm, yenza ngokulandela:

• 5.0 kN/m² ubungozi benzalo efanayo
• 1.5 kN ukukhathazeka kwenzalo ekugcineniwe
• ø3mm ukungcoliswa phakathi kwegama ngaphansi kwebala eliphelele

Lezi zimpendulo ziqinisekisa umbiko weshishini otholakala kakhulu emazingeni aphathekayo.

Ukusebenza Kwasebenzini: Isifundo Sombhalo Kukucophelelwa Kwezindlu Eziphakeme

Kumjikelezo ophakeme kakhulu okuphakathi kwamazulu 42 eDubai, izipholi zezinto ezinzima zazisisekelisa ukusebenza ngemini ngaminyaka engu-18 ngamashiya emitholakala nangaphezu kwamakiwathili angu-680 ngamashwa ethulwini elilodwa ngeminyaka engu-14 ngaphandle kokuchithwa kwezobuchwepheshe, wokufinyelela kuqiniso konke kuzivikeli zokuphepha.

Isiphumo Esizenzekelayo Ekugcineni Kwesistemu Yosika Lokucopheleka

Ubunzima bezintshuku bukhipha ukusabalalisa kwezindleko kumadoda amandla, bokhipha ukudingeka kwebhedjhi yendawo engaphandle ngama-25–30% emidelweni yokulungisa. Le ngxenye ikhuthaza ukuthuthukisa kwegunya futhi isiza ekukhomeni komthelelo ohlanganisiwe owabonakala kusika lokucopheleka oluhlangene nokudala kuzivikeli zokudala.

Ukufaneleka Nokuphepha Okuvikelwe Ngokuphepha

Izixhobo Zokuphazanyiswa Kwesayithi Ukunciphisa Inkohlako Yokusebenza

Iphaneli zezinto ezinzima ezenziwe ngokuthutha kwezihlangothi ne-epoxy zingakhusela ukungena kwesithupha ngaproximately 68% xa izimo ziyagula, ngokwesicwangciso sikaSafety Science Review ngo-2023. Ukuqina okuninzi kukhona kumele kube khona xa kusebenziswa emakhaya apholile kakhulu ngenxa yezimali noma ukungena kwamafu, okubalulekile kakhulu kubo bonke abasebenzisa izixhobo phantsi kwezimbili ezingu-12 lapha ukungena kungaba nomthelela omkhulu. Isicwangciso esiphatha kakhulu emazindini amanzi asempilweni ashonisa ukuba kukhona ukuphazanyiswa okwengu-92% kusithupha nokwenzeka kwemishelo ngokulinganayo nemigqa engavaleki yezinto ezinzima. Le diza iyintetho kuphela kodwa ikhona emathuba apho ayashiswa kuzindilinga eziningi zomshini ngeminyaka ethile.

Ukulungiswa Kwemgwaqo Kunye Nokukhuseleka Kwezizinda Emigqa Yephaneli YeSteel

Imigwaqo eyaphakade (okuvamile kukhona ubude bangu-50mm) isiza ekulungiseni ukungena kwamathuluzi nezinto kumaplatfomi, ngelikhalo i-steel epholile ilungisa ukungena kwezizinda ngaphansi kwe-8–12 Joules yezindleko. Lo ndlela ifihla BS-EN 12811 izimfuneko ze-inge zokwenza umsebenzi (Ø≥0.5 kN/m) nokuzimela kwesithuthi.

Ukuvikela Ukungena Okulahlekileyo Kunye Neendlela Zokubeka Ngokupheleleyo

Inqanawa yobugcisa obabini ibeka i-wedge-lock fasteners ukuya kumgama wangaphakade kunye ne-swivel hooks ezilawulwa ngokuba zineziko lokucinezela elikhulu kakhulu kwi-22kN. Izigulo zokucinga izulu ezingaphezulu kwe-85 mph zibonisa ukuba le ndlela ibe yenza ukuba ukuhamba kwesiseko kukhupheke ngama-79% kuningxenye enegama elinye, okwenzekayo ukuthuthukiswa kweziphumlilo.

Ukulingana No-OSHA kunye No-BS-EN 12811 Imithetho Yobumbhiso

Iiplanki ze-stali zilingana no OSHA 1926.451(g) ukulunga kwegama lesiphumlo kunye no BS-EN 12811-2:2018 ukuba kusekelwe kumthwalo ophathelene (Ø≥2.5 kN/m²). Izibonelelo zezandla lesithathu ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphathelene kuzintempurethura ezahlukene kusuka ku-20°C ukuya ku+50°C, ekunciphiseni indiza yemfundo yasekhaya.

Ubunzima, Ukuphatha, Kunye Nokuchazwa Kwemali Kudala

Ubude besikhathi sezigaba zeSteel Kulingana Nezinye Ezinzima

Izigaba zesteel ziqhubeka kakhulu kunazo ezenza ngobuhlobo ngenkathi ezingu-3 ukuya ku-5. Njengoba ubheshi obungafunyanwa buqashelwa kabusha nganye iminyaka engu-3 ukuya ku-5, i-steel inokuba yisikhathi eside kange-15 ukuze ku-20 iminyaka ngokwesithembiso sikaNIST ngo-2022. Kungani lokhu kuthola isiphumo? Kusobala ukuthi izimvume ezingavimela ukucindezelwa zihlanganisa noqobo olukhulu bahlala bezilahlekelwa ubunzima obulondoloza. Nakungemva kweminyaka engu-10 ekusebenzeni, i-steel egalvanized ihlala ihlinza okungekho-95% kwezidingo zakhiwa. Ubheshi kuyindlela eyodwa. Abantu abaningi bazi ukuthi ubheshi buyaphazamiswa noma kube yini yokudabula kakhulu uma kuthathwa kumasebenta amahle. Sibonile izimo apho izinxenye zabheshi zibonakala izinkinga emva kwezinye ezimbili kuphela kwizinkambi ezihluphekileyo.

Ifakti	Izigaba zeSteel	Izigaba zeTimber
Umthamo wokuphila	15–20 iminyaka	iminyaka engu-3–5
Ukugcwalisisa Imphilo	Umoya omlandlela	Ithatha amathambo angu-12–18%
Iminyaka Yokuhlela	Nguye nyaka oqu-5	Ngeminyaka emibili

Ukubuyiselwa Futhi Ukunciphisa Izidingo Zokulungiswa

Ngaphandle kwe-timber, eya kuphela ekusebenzisweni kwiprojekthi evela ngokwehlukileyo, iindlela zezinto zibuyiselwa kumaprojekthi angama-50–70 qala ukubuyiselwa. Ukudala kwazo okuthi modili kudinga izilungiso ezincinci; ukuphathwa kwezixhobo kuvula amava apheleleyo ngaphantsi kwezikhathi ezi-4. Iindleko zomsebenzisi ngonyaka zingaba yizentlango $0.02/isitshalo, okubhekiselela kuhluka oluncane kune-92% kunentlango ye-timber engu-$0.25/isitshalo ethintwayo ngezicelo nezibuyiselwayo.

Ukuchazwa Kwemali Kwisimo Sohlelo Lwamaprojekthi Ezenzekelayo

Ngokwesiqiniseko se-Analysis (LCCA) yeindlela yokuqala kuya endakathini, izinkawu zezilisa zihlanya izindleko ngokuvamile nge-34% uma kubhekwa indatimba engu-10. Kuyakhulu ngokungafika kuma-40% kunazo ezinye izinto ezingcono, kodwa imali efakiwe ihlanya kakhulu. Akukho ukudinga ukuthi ziliphinde zifakwe njengoba azikho ukulahlwa kuzo, kusethula ngaproximately $12,000 ngasinye isiprojekthi kuphela. Futhi amaphremiyamu wasekhondini ahluka ngaproximately 80% kwi-fall risks ngokwamano ase-OSHA ngoPitsholo eludlule. Ukudweba nokunakekelwa kuhleli futhi ngoba lezi zinkawu zihlangana kahle ngokushesha ngendlela yangcono yokuxhooka, kuhlola ixesha lokusungwa nge-15%. Kusiprojekthi eside kangangokuba siningi kuma-18 izinyanga, izikhangeli eziningi zithola ukuthi izimali zizohlala zibuyela emva kwezikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela ngokusheshayo ngokomlando wazo kanye nezinkinga zokulandela izinhlobo zokuphepha.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemfundo Yezinkawu ZesiSilisa Ekugcineni

Amaphoyinti Okudala: Iziprojekthi Zezinkundla Nezimala

Izinkawu zezincwadi ziyakha kakhulu njengethemba lika ngcamu emakhaya amaduze nezindlu zokuthenga ngoba zinhlokothambo futhi zingasebenzisa izindleko phakathi kuka-15 kuya ku-20 kN ngametro angamaqondana ngokwesimo sa-BS-EN 12811. Kuningi ukuthi zifumaneka ezinkingeni eziphathelene no-225mm okwenzela ukuthi kube yinde kakhulu ukulungiselela iplatfomu xa kusekelwa emakhaya amaphepha noma ngaphandle kwizikhala ezinkulu. Lezi zinkawu zilandelayo zinezinye izici ezifakiweyo ezingavimba, nezigaba zokugcina ezingasiza ekufaniseni izidingo ze-OSHA yokuhlukunyezwa kwezinto ezihluphekileyo, kunye nembala etholakalelayo eyancanyisayo kakhulu kumehluko wempilo. Uma sibheka umzekelo othile oku-2023 lapho abasebenzi bakhula ithower enezifo ezahlukene enezigaba ezihlanu, babona ukuthi ukushintsha kuka zinkawu ezintandathu kuya kuzincwadi kususela isikhathi sokulungiselela isikrifa ngama-30%, okwenzela ukuthi iprojekthi yonke ibuyele ngendlela engcono kunokwenzekayo.

Ukwenza izoshishini nezinyathelo zokuhlela i-Offshore Platform

Imizila yamanzi inhlekile kakhulu kumzimba, kodwa izikhathazo ze-stainless steel zihlaba ngokulungile kangaka kunazo ezindala uma kuthathelwa ikhampani nesibhakabhaka. Lezi zikhathazo zifakwe nendlela yokudityaniswa eyenziwa kahle ukwakha izikhathi zokusebenza eziphambile apho abawethi kumele bafinyelele emaphilengi okunquma noma amagunya wokuphatha kumele asebenze kakhulu kumadoda amakhulu asekhanda. Isteel ihlaba ngokulungile kunialuminum emasimini aphelele, isebenza ngokulungile na kuze kube phansi kwe-freezing noma kube phezu kwamasimo aphelele angama-120 degrees Celsius. Lokhu kwenza umehluko wonke kuzindlela ezidlule ngaphandle kwe-Arctic Circle apho akukho indlela yokuhlukumeza kohlelo. Ngokwaleso sikhathi esisikubonayo endaweni, izinkampani zithumelela ukuthi zazisusa izindleko zokubuyisela ngama-70% ngemva kokushintsha kusuka kumagqoko enhliziyo kuya kumahlenga we-steel. Kuyakwaziwa uma uchaza ingakanani imali ethathelwa phantsi ekubuyiseleni uhlelo olulahlile yonke iminyaka embalwa.

Ukudala Kwesibhiji Nokulungisa Kwezithuthi Zezimali

Iphaneli ze-steele zisebenza kahle kakhulu kumgwaqo ofuna ukwesekwa phakathi kwemigwaqo enzima, ikakhulukazi emabridge aphakathi kwezo inokuphindeka mpaka ngaphezu kwamathree meter ngenkohlaka yokugayaya. Isakhiwo sangaphandle esinezithuthi sinesizo ekukhinchazeni izixhobo ukungahlaziyi xa abasebenzi basebenzena kumagqabi amakhulu e-suspension. Ngaphezu koko, le phaneli zenziwe ngamathuba okungena komlilo endaweni ethile ayafunda konke okudingekayo kwiindiza zokuphepha ezifuneka kuzenzelwa njenge-refineries yezibhamu apho ukulungiselela kusenziwa rhoqo. Ngokuchaza isibonelo esisodwa ngoxolo lwasekuhlupheni kwe-dam ye-hydroelectric umfundi wethu wahlawula malipha ngaproximately engu-40% ngeminyaka engu-5 ngokubuyisela ukusebenzisa iphaneli evela ku-steele futhi futhi ngendlela eyahlukene yokudala ngaphandle kokuthenga kabusha iwooden boards echanjiswa ngemaqondo ngasinye. Okwenzekayo kakhulu ngu-majola wonke lo msebenzi wenza izinkomba ezilula kakhulu manje ebaleni ngaproximately i-12 kilograms ngasomethe emuva koko kuyakhumbula indlela ebaleni ngama-1.5 times yokuphepha efunekayo kumsebenzi othile we-industrial.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izikhondlo eziyisisekelo zezephu lezinja?

Izephu lezinja zibalulekile zinezwidthi ze-225mm nezenzelela okuphakathi kwe-1 ukuya ku-3 mita. Lezi zikhondlo zivumela ukuthi zithunyelwe ngokwesimilo kumjikelo we-tubular futhi kumjikelo wokukhushuma.

Izephu lezinja zihelekana kanjani nezinye izinto njenge-wood noma aluminum?

Izephu lezinja zinikeza inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokulahla nokukhula okuhle kunakuwood ne-aluminum. Zingasebenzise amandla angaphezulu kuka-220% kunamathuba futhi ane-rigidity engaphezulu kuka-40% kunamathuba, lokhu kususa usindiso olukhulu lwe-fatigue nokungena kwesimo sokungena.

Yikuphi okwenza izephu lezinja zibe nzima kunalezo ezibangelwa ngenduku?

Izephu lezinja ziqashelwa yezinto ezingavimbi kuhlaba, lokhu kakhuthaza kakhulu ubudala bazo ukuze kube phakathi kwe-15 ukuya ku-20 izinyanga kunaphakathi kwe-3 ukuya ku-5 izinyanga. Futhi zilondoloza inani elilodwa lokulahla kakhulu kunenduku.

Izephu lezinja zihlukile kangakanani kumzimba wamanzi?

Yebo, izikhumba ze-steele ezithuthiyiwe ngokufaka kwamandla okuphepha kuzikhwama zihlanze kakhulu emazingeni ephathekayo futhi ziqondiswa kangcono kunendalo noma i-aluminum njengoba zilindile kakhulu izimo ezimbi njengekwakhiwa kwegolide.

Kukhona kanjani izici zokuphepha zeziqhumba ze-steele?

Izikhumba ze-steele zinezinye ziphathelwano ezivimbela ukungena, ukulungiswa kwegcobo, nezinqumo zokudala ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesifuba, ukunciphisa amandla wokungena, nokulungiswa kwesimo sokusebenza nangemva kokuba kukhona izimo ezidingekayo.