Umugqa we-Framework Scaffold: Ubuncane ne-Stability kunesi

Ukuthini Imithambo ye-Framework? Iinkqubo kunye nezinto ezinokuthutha

Ukuchazwa kwe-Framework: Indlela enkulu yokusebenzisa amathambokazi

Izikhishwa zokubhala zisebenza njengezinye zokwesekwa okudlule kanti kubike izindawo ezenzelwe kakhulu ngaphansi kwemali ukuze abasebenzisi bakwenze imisebenzi yezokubhala noma ukulungisa izinto. Okuqukethwe yizici lezi zinhlobo nguwo ukuthi ziyindlela enezinqawo eziyisisekelo ezifakwa ngokushesha noma kudinga izimpawu ezinhle noma ukwazi okukhulu. Indlela ethi zokubhalela kuyafihla ukuthi kudinga ukuthi kubanjwe ngokushesha futhi kugcinwe ubuchule bokuthi zinhlobo zonke izimo zokusebenzisa. Abasebenzeli bethu kubonakala ukuthi kudinga kakhulu kusuku so kusukela ekulungiseni amakhawula emakhaya kuya kwezinye izisekelo eziphezulu emelweni.

Izici Ezinhloko: Izikhishwa, Izilayisha, Izindhlambo, nezinqawo Zemali

Ngamunye umkhiqizo wezikhishwa zokubhala unquma izinto ezinele eziphambene nezinye:

Ingxenye	Isenzo
Izikhishwa	Izikhishwa zokubhala zokwenza umqomo wokubhala
Izilayisha Zokugcina	Izici ezixhunywe ngokushiza ezilayishwa umkhiqizo kulezi zokuthi kungaphandle kwezinye izinto ezihambisana nomkhawulo
Izindhlambo	Izindhlambo ezinhloso ukusebenzisa abasebenzisi nezindlela yokufaka izinto
Izinqawo Zemali	Iyunithi zokubangela ezinikeza ubunzima ngokulinganisa ukuze akuvunyelwe ukungena kwegang

Ngokuvumelana lezi zinhloso, abasebenzisa ezinikeza ukuthi kuzingcinwe kahle phakathi kwezinhloso okukhona kulula kakhulu ekusethweni kakhulu ngama-40% ngokulingana nezinhloso zokukhokelela kanye nezinhloso.

Ukuthi Ukwenza Ngaphambili Kuholela Kukhula Futhi Kuhlanganise Emakhiweni

Lapho kuhlanganiswa kwezinqawo zokubanda ezenziwe ngokushesha kusebenza, zihlukana ngokuphelela amaphoyinti okulinganisa engavumelekanga kanye nezinkinga zokugcina ekuhlaleni kwemisebenzi. Abasebenzi kufanele bayoqeqe kuphela le qawo ezingqenywe ngaphambili ngezinqawo ezingcwele noma amaphokisi wokubhonta, bafake kahle kanye kakhulu ngokuvamile kweqela kanye noma ngokuncane kwe-1/8 inch. Ngale mikhawulo, amathimba wokubanda iya kwenza ubunzima bokubanda izindawo ezilandelanayo kancane kakhulu - kancane kakhulu ngokuphindwe kabili noma kathathu kunemithodi yamadramu, bese kuzokwenzeka izidingo eziphathelene nezimali zokulayisha ezivumelekile yaseNingizimu ngokwesimo le-OSHA sesimo 29 CFR 1926.451. Oku kubangela ukuthi kubekwe amagugu ethulwini kanye nezimali eziphakeme kuzo zonke izindawo, futhi akudingi ukuthi kuhlelwe abasebenzi abasha bobabili ngamunye ngamunye.

Imithwadi Yokuqinisa Ubunzima Bokubanda

Ukubulala kwezisikwelema zokubhaka zisemukelweni ukuthi yini engenhla nezinkcubeko ezingaphandle kwezinye izinhlangothi ezivumela ukuphazimisele kwezinto ngokushisa. Xa kuhlanga kumadilithi, iziloyi ezinhle ezijwayelekileyo jikele yini ASTM A653 zinikeza into ethile. Lezi ziloyi zinezindlela zokukhulisa ubunzima obungu-18% ngaphansi kwezifiso ezindala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lezi zisikwelema zingasebenzisa izindlela zokulayisha ezifikelela ngemibutho engu-75 pound ngosuku olunye ngokwemijwelo ye-industri. Kunezinto eziningi ezifanele kuzwa xa kubhekwa kusebenza kwesikwelema, kepha ubukhulu buqala ngokusebenzela kwezindlela zokubhaka nekukhetha izindawo ezifanele.

Isiqinisekiso	Isimo se-Eurocode	Isicelo se-US OSHA
Ukukhanya kwezindlela zokulayisha	1.20x isicelo esisebenzayo	isigidi se-4:1
Ukungena kwezinhlanganisela	±2mm	±1/8 inch

Ukucabanga ngokwenza Umehluko Lokuqeqeshwa kanye Neqembu Lokuqeqeshwa

Ngeso sivakashi kuka NIOSH esikhundleni 2023, malunga ne-42% yazo zonke i-failures zokuthutha kungahlinzeka ngokuplanisa ngokulungile kokuqeqesha. Indlela le systems ifuna kuyindlela engqondweni ngempela. Okuqeqeshwa kuhlawulwa ngemigqa engenakona emzimbeni evela kumagqa okuphakeme kubase plates. Amagqa amabili asalela ukuba amaphlanki ayikhanyisile kakhulu, ngokuvamile ukuthwasa ukuthambuka ku L over 240 spans. Izi riggers ezinye i-component ebalulekile, kubekwa amandla kwezindawo ezingenakona ngama-35% xa kusebenza kuzindawo ezingezona. Abakhelwe amakhulu amanqaku wawo ngokulandelana nezinye i-analyses. Le ndlela ikunciphisa ukuba kuhle kwezinto eziphapheni kwezindlela eziphakeme kuzindlela eziningi.

Ukwenza Iqembu Elilodwa Nokwenza Umehluko Oluphezulu

Izimpendulo eziya ngokwezinye zokwenza izitele zokuphathwa kwezokudla 50 kN/m² kwiqondo lokuphelela lelitha elilodwa kakhulu ngama-40% ngokulinganisa kumaqondo amabiweyo. Izingxenye eziywa ngokushesha zilungiselela lokhu kwiqondo ngokuba zinezitele ezininzi ezinezithicki ezingama-2.5mm, izinhlango zokuphazamiseka eziphathelene nezokudla kwezokudla, kunye neziphawu zokuxunyiswa eziphambene nezinhlango zokuxunyiswa zilandela ukuba zineqondo lokuxunyana eli-99.5%.

Ukulingana nezimali zokuphepha ngokuphephile kwezokudla

Imicabha yokubanda kufanele iyisisele kumaqondo we-EN 12811-1 noma kumaqondo we-ANSI/ASSE A10.8. Le miqondo ibangela ukuthi kubekwe amathuba okuphezulu kancane kakhulu angama-4 ngokusebenzayo. Le micabha kufanele inakeke ukuphelelwa kwayo ngekuphazamisekile kakhulu kungenani amadigri 0.3 wokubota kwegxhuma lapho kuthi kubekwa kumagogolo amaningi. Ngokudla, zonke izincazelo kufanele zenze amathulwane angavamisa amandla afakwe ngokuphezulu kancane kakhulu kuma-1000 volts. Iindlela zokubonza ezingapheli zimelela ukulondoloza kwezokudla kuzindawo zokwenza. Ngale ndlela, kusukela kuma-12% kuya kuma-15% wamagca aphoywa ngoba bethola amakhulu amancane angakwazi ukubonwa noma amathibela aphakathi kakhulu kuma-1.5 milimita. Le ndlela enkulu yokulondoloza iyaziwa ngokuthi kuphumelela ukuthi kuphume kanye nezinto eziphezulu ziyifika kuzindawo zokuvulwa.

Ukuhlelwa kwekhiqizo nokusebenzisa kuzindlela zokuvulwa ezithile

Inqanawa yokuhlela ngokomdla Imicabha Yokubanda

Imicamelo yescaffold enezifame yenza ukusebenza kwezinkomo kube lula ngokuthi usebenzisa indlela yemodhuli nokuthi zinezinhlobo eziyisisekelo. Abasebenzi abaningi bahlukanisa izinfame zokuzakhiya nezincam ukuxhuma ngokuthi baphakelana nazo izindawo ezikhethiweyo ngokuphakelana nezimboni zokulondoloza, bese baphakelana nezindawo zokulandela kanye nezindawo zokulandela ngaphezulu. Akudingi ukulaywa noma izinhlobo ezingcono zokuxhuma, okungathi abasebenzi bakhiwa imicamelo yasebenziso egcwalwe ngokuphelele kwezinye izikhathi ezilodwa. Izinfame ezincane zokwezimali noma izindlela zokwezindlela ziyafuna ukuthi zikhuthaze kakhulu kwezindlela eziyisisekelo. Abakhokhelwa abaningi bathi le ndawo yenza ukuthi bathimele kakhulu noma kube ngemali ngokulingana nezindlela ezedlule.

Ukudla kwezimali Okuncane kanye neffisiyenisi yezindleko

Isisistimu iba yindlela yokuthatha amanani wabantu abafunekayo kusitolo ngokuphelelwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokubeka nezinkawunti. Sizama kabili abasebenzisi babili noma izinhlelo ephambene nezinye izinto ezijwayelekileyo njengezicathami zokulungisa izinto eziningi kwezinye izindaba. Indlela leyo izinto zokuthi zihlangana nazo zibangela ukuthi zenzeke wonke lezinyathelo ezibangelwa yizindlela, futhi imibala iyathola ukuthi bonke bazi kuthi yini iyasebenza ngokushesha - okungukuthi kudingeka kakhulu lapho izinhlelo zibangelwa kusukela esimweni esimanye esimweni esingene. Ngokwesicatshulwa esikhokhelwe yisicatshulwa se Safety Institute se Construction esikhulu 2023, abasebenzisi bafuneka amathimu angama-40 kanye nezinye izinhlelo. Lokho kusho ukuthi amakhampani angathola ukuthi baphumelele ukuthi bakhansela ngokushesha ngokushesha ngokungabi noma izinye izinsuku ezikhona etraining.

Ukuchithwa Okulinganayo Ngo Zinye Iziqhelo Zokubeka

Kumaqo kwezimbuyiso ezingenakho lapho isikhathi kuyigama lezimali, ukucindezela kweqhinge kungavumelela ukucindezela okudwelile. Izinhlelo eziyisisekelo kumele uthole izinkqubo eziphumelelayo okungeke kuzokuthatha isikhathi sokudibanisa, kodwa izinhlelo zeqhinge zinezinkqubo ezingcono ezithintana nazo. Abasebenzisi bekabhalwa futhi bathinta izinhlelo zeqhinge ngokusheshayo ngenxa ya 35% okudinga ukucindezela ngendlela yedolo, okungaba yisikhathi esisha lapho kusebenza ngokushiyela isikhathi. Izibhokisi ezingokwamandla zinezinhloso ezingcono ngenxa yabantu abasebenzisa akwazi ukwenza amaphutha njengoba bakhona nazo izinhlelo ezingavumelekanga. Ngaphezulu, ukuthi kunezinto ezinamandla yokushintshana kungavumela ukuthi kungathathwa isikhathi esincane xa kuhlinzekwa emakhathini amaningi lapho isikhathi esinye singathatha isikhathi esanele kusitakwe. Abasebenzisi bekayazi lokhu ngokuhlonipha.

Imithi yokhuseleka kanye nezinhlelo eziphumelelayo yokusebenzisa ukucindezela kweqhinge

Imicabha le-frame scaffold integretha imisebenzi yokuphepha, kodwa ubungovu bazo buyidependa kakhulu kumaqondo apho aqashwayo. Isicathamiwa se-2024 sabantu besikhangiso sabonile ukuthi izicathamiwo ezisebenzisa izicathamiwo zokuphepha ezinhle yamathisela izindleko zokuphazamiseka ngemvelo ngama-62% ngokulinganisa nezindawo ezisebenzisa izindaba ezingenhla.

Izinkcazelo Eziphambene Nokuphepha Kwe-Scaffold

Izinkcukacha zokuxhumana nezinkcukacha zokubeka kwezindonga zenze ukuphephile kwezifiso, futhi izinjini zokulayisha engenakuphansi nezinhla ezijwayelekile (42" inkhamba yephezulu, 21" inkhamba yepansi) zivikela ukuthumba. Lezi zinhlobo zokubanjelwa ngaphambili zilimelela ukuthi kuzozokwenza iziguquko eziphansiwe kwezinye izicathamiwo zokubanjelwa zokuthi zingaba yisicaba sika-OSHA (2023).

Ukuhlolwa Ngaphambi Kokuqala Futhi Ukuhlolwa Okuphezulu Kwesikhathi Esicathwe

Imipapamende yokupina kusuku kufanele ikhombise ukuthambekana kweqhoboka elayishini kuzinsawo eziphumelelayo (akukho izimpendulo zokuphakama komhlabathi), ukukhuphuka kwezibhokisi zokuxhuma futhi ukuthi ipini lokulokisa iyasebenza, futhi ukwahlulwa kwezindleko kuzinsawo (±25 lbs/sq ft kuzinsawo ezingcono). Imibhalango yezinhliziyo zokungcola okwenyelwe kuholela kakhulu ekuphileni kwezinsawo ezilulu ngezingu-3-5 engaphandle kwezinsawo ezingachazwanga.

Imitholampilo yokufaka fakwe nezindlela zokusebenzisa ezenziwe yisipohli

Abasebenzi kufanele bakhiphe ukuthambekana okungu-3 kuwo wonke amathimele emelweni, noma izinsizwa zilondoloziwe ngokusebenzisa amaphoyisa lapho besebenza phezulu kwe-6'. Izithombi ezisebenzisa izinhlobo zokulinda emhlabeni ezinezinhlobo zokulokisa ezifinyelela ukuthi zinezimfanelo ezingu-89% zokuthobeka nezimalayishini zokuphepha phezulu kuzo ezisebenzisa izimpetho kuphela ezinezimfanelo ezingu-54%.

Izisebenzelo nezinhlobo ezingcono kuzinsawo zokuthanda

Izifundo: Ukuphila kwezinkundla eziningi nezokuhlela izindlu zokuthengisa

Imicabha le-frame scaffold yinto esetshenziswa ngokuvamile, ikhulela ngokufanayo emaphakamini amathola kanye nezinye izindawo eziphilayo ngeminyaka engama-40. Kuneso sekulandzelako sokuhlanganisa kwa-12 izinkampani zasezingeni lezinyanga ezingama-12 ezidlule futhi kubonwe ukuthi le micabha elikhulilela yasindlela amathathu kanye amashumi amathathu athi ayisithupha ukusetha ngokuthi kuthathwa amathola kanye nezinye izindawo apho isikhala kungaphakathi. Ngokuvumela ukwenza futhi kusebenza kwezokudla kwa-Seagram Building eManhattan kwa-2025. Imicabha ehlelwe yasindlela isisho esilungileyo. Abasebenzi bakhona ukuthi bavusele imicabha yabo ngalo naluso lapho besebenza ngokudla kanye nezindleke zokwenza ngokudla kanye nezindleke zokwenza ngokudla, akudingi ukuthenga izinkawo ezikhulu ezifakwe ngokudla kanye nezindleke zokwenza ngokudla.

I-Smart Scaffolding: Imisontshi kanye nezinye izinkomba zokulandzela ngokudla

I-IoT tech entsha iyahlela indlela ethi kuyakhulula izikhumba eziyisisekelo emaphakamini. Izindlela zokulinga izindleko ezingaphakathi kwezinye izinto zingalanda izindleko ngemva kwamashumi amathathu kanye nesikhatsi. Izinhloso zokuhambisa zingagcina lapho abantu basebenza kakhulu, okuwa kuthinte kakhulu imiphumela emaphakamini embisweni enkulu eSingapure ngo-2022. Iindleko zinezinto zake - kathathu kwezinye izikhathi kude kungu-8 kwezinye izinkinga zokuthulwa kwazitholwe kabefore kuthinte kakhulu. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ngale miqondo yokulandela ngokuhlangana ne-BIM. Iziqinisekiso zokudla zokuthi kungapi abasebenzi baphakathi nezinye izicaba zokuthi zingaphansi kwezindleko eziphakathi. Lokhu kunceda abasebenzi emaphakamini ukuthola izinkinga ngokushesha kunezindleko zokusebenza.

Ukuphila kanye nevoli yezikhumba ezingaphandle kwezimali

Izifame zamanje eziyagala ngokwezimali zinhlanzekile kakhulu, ngokulinganisa kwezimali ezibalwe ngokwe 92% kule ndlela, futhi zihlale zisebenza ngendlela ejwayelekile kahle ngokwesimo se-ISO 14001:2024. Lapho kuhlanganiswa kanjani oku kwenziwa kwezinhlobo eziqoqwa, sibona ukuthi kuzo zonke izinkampani zokuvikela izinto ezingu-48 ezahlukahlukene ngokwezifame. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi izakhiwo zenze ukunciphisa amacaba kakhulu ngokulinganisa nezindlela ezijwayelekile ngama-34%. Ngokuvacwatshelwa, e-Amsterdam kuyadinga ukuba kube nezinhlobo zebhambu ekuvikeleni izinkampani zomphakathi. Lokhu kwenziwe kunciphise ukungena kwezindonga ngokulinganisa kwe-22%, futhi kuhlale kunesimo sokuphepha okufanele kwenziwe kuthinte ukuthi kusebenze ngokwesimo se-OSHA sokulindela ukungena kwabantu.

FAQ: Izinhlobo zokuvikela izifame

Izifame zokuvikela zenziwa yini?

Izifame zokuvikela ngokwesiko silenzeka kakhulu ekuvikeleni izinkampani zokudala noma ukulungisa izakhiwo lapho kudingeka ukusebenzela kwenziwe kusukela kakhulu. Iqoqo le nhlobo yazo ihlela ukuthi kwenziwe ngokushesha futhi kungakhuthazeki ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezikhethekile.

Iziphi izinhlobo eziphambene nezokweyela le-frame scaffolding?

Izinhlobo ze-frame scaffolding zifakiwa kwiifreme, izikwele zokugcina, amaphlanke, nezibhokisi ezemaphini. Lezi zinhlobo zinikeza ukulandelana nokusebenza kwezinye izindaba zokuvulindlela.

Ngaba izinhlobo ze-frame scaffold zingasebenziswa ngokushesha?

Yebo, izinhlobo ze-frame scaffold zinhloko zokwenza ukuthi zisebenze ngokushesha ngezinhlobo eziphambene okuqondisiwe kakhulu, okuqala ngokushesha kuhlanganisa, okwenza ukuthi kube lula ukusebenzisa abasebenzi kunokwenzeka ngokuthi kusebenzise amathuluzi amaningi.

Ukuthengwa kuka bafundi kungasebenze kanjani ngokuphephile kwezinhlobo ze-frame scaffolding?

Izinhlobo ze-frame scaffolding zifaka phakathi kwezinye izinto zokuphephile njengezixhobo zokugcina, izinhlambo ezingenakulwa, nezilandela. Ukulandela izisombululo zokuphephile kuyakunikeza amathuluzi okuthi ayiphilise ngokuphephile abasebenzi.