Ibhothi Yokhuseleko Yezinkamba Zokuphatha Ngokupheleleyo Yokugcinwa Kwimithombo

Ukuchaza Ukuphatha Ngokupheleleyo Kwesitshixo Somkhakha Sokuzikhathazela Ngokuphatha Ngokupheleleyo

Ukuchaza Isiphakade Phakathi Kwesitshixo Somkhakha Nezinkambiso Zokuphatha Ngokupheleleyo

Ngokwesibonelo, kunezinkundla ezingu-27% zezinkundla zomsebenzi zonke ozizwele ngaphandle kokufa ngokwesibonelo sesiNkambo sokuqala lwezempilo yomsebenzi ku-2022. Okubhaliweyo okusebenzayo kubalulekile kakhulu uma kufundwa ukuthi umsebenzi wasekhaya uhlakaze kahle. Izinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhambana ziyenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezinyathelo zezinh......

Ukuthi Isteel Yokugqibela Ngokuphathwa Kwesikhathi Kusinika Ukunciphisa Imiphumela Yokuvala

Ukuphatha kwemibhalo yezinkampani ephakanyisiweyo yindlela eyodwa eyenzekayo ngokuvuselela ukuthi kubhekwe phakathi kokugcina isikhundla sokuphatha kwezinto, futhi kubhekwe phakathi kokuzimisa umkhawulo wokuphatha. Ngokwesifundo sezinsizini zokuphatha esitholakala ku-Material Safety Quarterly ngo-2023, lezi zinkampani zihlola ukuthi izinkampani zokuphatha ziyakhula ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha zezinkampani zokuphatha zezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokuphatha ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zokup......

Imithombo Yekholfishansi Yokuqondisa (DCOF) Yokuzimisa Ukuphatha Kwamaphakathi

I-Act yamaMerika yokuhlanganisa abantu abanemiphumela (ADA) iyadinga ukuthi kune-DCOF engaphezulu kwe-0.42 kubhodi ezilungileyo futhi 0.60 kubhodi obuzimele. Ibhodi zabhodwe zasezinkampani zaseNingizimu Afrika zibaluleka ngokwesibonelo kwe-DCOF yokuqala-0.68–0.72 ngokusebenzisa indlela yezinyanga ezintathu yokugcina isikhombisa:

1. Isilayiya seziniki yesiqhelo (ukuphakama kwe-0.02–0.03 mm)
2. Ukugcina ngokusebenzisa amashini (imiphakama yezindawo ezingaphezulu kwe-0.5–1.2 mm)
3. Ukufaka i-polimer yokunqula ukugcina (iyavuma nge-ASTM D4103)
   Le ndlela iyaphikisa i-OSHA’s General Industry Standard 1910.22 ngokugcina izindlela zokusebenza ezingaphezulu kwe-1% emva kwezinsuku ezingu-25 zokusebenza (Infrastructure Materials Report 2023).

Ukubhekisela imiphakathi yezinhlobo zomkhakha wokugcina okuphezulu kakhulu ukufuna ukugcina okuphezulu kakhulu

Ukubhekisela isikhombisa esihle kakhulu somkhakha wokugcina

Ukungafakwa kwezincwadi zezinkolo zokugqamisa kuzoba ngokuthi isilwane sasemaphakathini sithi sikhulu noma sifuphi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi lapho i-Ra value (okuyizimboni zokubhekana nokukhula kwesilwane) iphuma phakathi kwe-10 kuye ku-15 microns, kwenza umkhakha wokulingana phakathi kwezinkinga zokufaka nokuhamba ngokuvuthile. Uma isilwane siphupha kakhulu, futhi kusuka emva kwe-5 microns Ra, abantu baya kufakwa ngokukhulu ngokwe-34% uma kubheka kusuka emva kwezinto zokufakwa. Ngaphakathi kwalokho, uma kubheka kusuka emva kwe-25 microns, kuyabonakala ukuthi izicathulo ziyadlula kakhulu ngokwesifundo esayisigaba se-Safety Engineering Journal ngo-2023. Lamanje, ubuchwepheshe be-laser buyakwenzeka ukuthi bakhelwe lezi zilwane zokufakwa ngokucacile kwezindawo ezingaphezulu. Lokhu kuyasebenza ngokuphatha kwezinhlobo zokufakwa zesi-ANSI A137.1 apho i-DCOF kufanele ibe yinkulu kune-0.42, okusho ukuthi izinyango ziyakuba zinzima kakhulu ngokuphambili ngaphandle kokukhula kwezinhlobo.

Ukuchaza Kuphakanyiswa, Ukubhakwa Ngemikhala, Nokubhakwa Ngemikhala Yezilwane

Pattern Type	DCOF (Ngokushusha)	DCOF (Ngokufakwa)	Ukusetshenziswa Okuhle Kakhulu
I-Diamond Eziphakanyisiwe	0.68	0.55	Imigqa yezimboni enamafutha amaningi
Izingxenye zokubopha	0.62	0.60	Amabhuloho abahamba ngezinyawo, ukucutshungulwa kokudla
Ephakanyiswa ngokwezinyathelo	0.58	0.45	Izihlathi zokubhala ezinamandla emali

Umbhalo wokugqibela wezinkampani eziyisiliva esizimele kuzokwenzela ukuthi uhlangothi luhle kumazikhathi omkhulu ngokusebenza kwakhe kokuqondisa: amanzi ayadlula ngamaphuzu okukhala ama-1/4" ngaphansi kwamaphuzu okuphakanyiswa aphakanyiswa ngokwezinyathelo zokubhala. A ukuchaza kwemithombo yomkhulu wa-2023 kwabonisa ukuthi umbhalo wokugqibela wabhekise i-DCOF > 0.6 njengoba yileli ngenxa yokuqondisa kwezinkampani zokuhlala, futhi kwabeka ubukhula kwezindawo zokuhlala ngokuphelele ngama-41%.

Umzekelo wokusebenzisa umbhalo wokugqibela wezinkampani eziyisiliva esizimele kwezindawo zokuhamba kwezinhlangano

Isithuthi sesikhumba sezimoto esiphakathi kwe-United States sishiyile amaphuzu asebenzayo omthwalo wasezinkundleni zabo zokuphatha okungafanele ngamaphuzu asebenzayo amahlanu ayo ephathelweni le-14 acre yabo. Amaphuzu okuphatha ayabuyiswe kakhulu ngeminyaka emibili nezintandathu emlandweni wokugcina, kusukela ku-27 amaphuzu ngonyaka ku-3 kuphela. Amaphuzu okuhlela ayabuyiswe kwezinyanga ezingu-5 ngokubanzi ngoba le maphuzu ayahlola phakathi ngokuphelele xa kufuna umfula. Umkhawulo wokugalvaniza osezingeni le-2mm wabuyiswe kuzo zonke izimo zeweteri futhi kubhekisele kumakhawulo okugcina amasalti asebhodini abhekisele kubukhawuleza kwemvula. Emva kwezinyanga ezingu-5 zokusebenza, akukho isibonelo sokurhuda noma ukuphatha kwezinto, okubonisa ukuthi lokhu khawulo kuyisiphiwo esikhulu kwezindawo zokusebenza ezinamandla.

Ukuzimiswa nokufakwa kwezicelo: Ukuphikisana ne-ADA nokufakwa kwezicelo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokusebenza

Ukuphikisana nezicelo zika-ADA ngokusebenzisa i-galvanized steel ene-traction-enhanced

Izibhodi zezinkolo zezinkolo zokugqamisa ngokupheleleyo ziyasebenza kahle kubudlelwano bokuqondisa i-ADA ngoba zifika emeasure yabo ye-DCOF phezu kwe-0.42, okuyiyo into eyidingekayo kumaphakathi okungafani noma kuzihlukaniswa kumaphakathi amahhala. Umsebenzi wokuhlola owaqhubeka ngo-2023 kusuka ku-ASTM International wabonisa ukuthi lezi zinkolo zezinkolo zokugqamisa ziyakhula iziphakamiso ze-DCOF phakathi kwe-0.58 ne-0.65 nakwhenkohlwa kufana noma kunezinkinga zokuhlanjwa, zibhekisela izinkolo ezingaqondiwe ngokujwayelekile ngeminyaka engu-37. Lezi zinto zisebenza kahle kuma-ramp, ama-curb okukhuluma kuma-walkway, futhi emaphakathini kuma-platform edges. Izinkundla zokuhlanjwa ziyagcina umbono wezinkundla zomuntu ongahlwempu ngokuvamile ngokuthi zingama-50% yazo zonke ngokuthi kubonakala kusuka kubudlelwano bokuqondisa i-National Safety Council ngo-2023, okwenza ukukhetha umphakathi wokusebenza kubalulekile kakhulu ukusiza ukuthi kubuyiselwe ubudlelwano bokuqondisa kuma-facility amaningi.

Imilambo yokubhalwa kwezinkolo zezinkolo zokugqamisa kuma-infrastructure amahhala

Ukusebenza kuma-infrastructure amahhala, abasemthwini kufanele babaleke izicelo zokubhalwa ezifana ne-:

• ASTM A123 : Ukuthintana nokuchitha kwezinkolo zezinkolo zokugqamisa
• ANSI/NAAMM MBG 532 : Izindinganiso zokuthwala umthwalo zezinhlelo ze-grating

U Inqubo yokuqinisekisa i-American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) kubandakanya ukuqinisekiswa okuvela eceleni kwezakhiwo zezinto zokwakha kanye nokuvumelana kokukhiqizwa, ngokuhlolwa kwezimali okuqhutshwa njalo ngonyaka. Amaphrojekthi asebenzisa amabhodi ensimbi anesitifiketi anikeza umbiko wokwephulwa kokuphepha okungu-28% kunezindlela ezingezona ezokufakazela, ngokususelwa ku-OSHA's 2022 workplace incident database.

Imininingwane Yokulimala Emsebenzini Okuhlobene Nendawo Eshelelayo

Ukweqa nokuwa kubiza ama-$20.3 billion ngonyaka e-US abasebenzi isinxephezelo izimangalo (Liberty Mutual, 2023), ne yokukhiqiza kanye nokwakhiwa imikhakha uhlangabezana izikhathi 2.2 isilinganiso izingozi izinga. Izikhungo ezathuthukela kumabhodi ensimbi acutshungulwa ngokuqina zibike ukuthuthuka okukhulu:

METRIC	Ngaphambi kokufaka	Ngemva Kwezinyanga Ezingu-12
Izigameko Ezihlobene Nokugxuma	14.7/ngenyanga	3.2/ngenyanga
Izindleko Zokunakekelwa Kwendawo	$1,200/inyanga	$380 ngenyanga

Le miphumela ichaza ukuthi kungani amaphrojekthi ezingqalasizinda kamasipala angama-83% manje echaza izinto eziqinisekisiwe ezingasheshi ukugoqa kuma-RFP.

Ukuphatha Kwesilwane Nokuphatha Kwesikhathi Esidlonge Sokufakwa

Amakholi Okuphambuka Nokusebenzisa Imithambo Yezinkulungwane Ngokwezinye Ngokusebenzisa Ukubeka Amakhanda Kwezinkulungwane

Amaphetha wezinkulungwane awabekwe ngamakhanda wezinkulungwane-neziluminum (ngokugcwele kusukela ku-5 ku-10 percent ubude obungaphezulu kwezinkulungwane zokubeka amakhanda okuzenzakalela) ngezindlela zokubeka amakhanda ngokwezinye, kungaba nokuthuthukisa isikhundla sesandla ngokugcwele kusukela ku-30 ku-40 percent ngokwesibonelo se-ASTM esayisigaba se-2022. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi ukubamba kwesandla kuyabuyela phansi kwe-0.60 ngokugcwele kusukela ku-12 ku-15 iminyaka lapho kubekwa emhlabeni, okuyisifunda sokuthuthukisa isikhundla sesandla esingaphansi kwe-0.50 esikhethekile ngu-OSHA. Umqondo wokushicilela owabhalwe ngo-2024 wabonisa ukuthi lezi zinkulungwane zokubeka amakhanda zazihlala nezinkulungwane zokubamba ngokugcwele kusukela ku-92% yezinkulungwane zokubamba kwanoma zibe yini ngokugcwele kusukela ku-200,000 izinyawo, okuyisifunda sokuthuthukisa isikhundla sesandla kahle kunezinkulungwane zokubeka amakhanda e-epoxy ozokubamba ngokugcwele kusukela ku-34% ngaphezulu kwezinyawo zokugcwele.

Ukusebenza Kwesikhathi Esidlonge Sokuthiwa Kwezinkulungwane Zokuthiwa Ngemizimba Yezindawo Ezihlukene

Izindawo eziphakeme zikuthinta ukuthiwa kahle ngendlela eyahlukene:

Isimo	Ukuphela Kwesithiwa Emaswini Emihlanu	Ixesha Lokulungisa
Isipho Sasekupheleni Somoya Wamaphiko	18%	ukuthiwa Kwesithiwa Ngeminyaka Emithathu
Amachemikhali Esebenzi	22%	ukubheka Ngeminyaka Emibili
Ukuthiwa Kwesithiwa Ngokuthiwa Kwezinsuku Zokufika Kwezinsuku Zokugcina	15%	ukuthiwa Kwesithiwa Ngeminyaka Emihlanu

Izidata Zasekhaya Kwezibhridji ZaseNorth America Zingama-87 (NACE 2023) zibonisa ukuthi izinkulungwane zokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko ziyadinga ukuzinikela kancane kunezinkulungwane zokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko ezincwadi zokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko emaphiko, kulezindawo zokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko. Izinkulungwane ezingakhethwe kahle ziyabhekisa ukuthiwa kwezinkulungwane zokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakamisa amaphiko kuhlanganisa isiliva sokuthiwa ngokuphakam......

Imithambo Yokuchitha Ngokuchemical Nokuphatha Ngokwephysical: Amathuba Nokuvula

• Imithambo Yokuchitha Ngokuchemical
  Izimvume: Ukufihla kwezinye zonke (100%), isivumelwano ngezindlela eziphakeme
  Izicwangciso: Kubhekwa phansi ngokushesha kakhulu (30–40%) phakathi kwesibhubhesi sezulu; kudinga ukuthi kwenziwe kabusha ngasikhathi sokuqala 3–5 iminyaka

• Imithambo Yokuchitha Ngokwephysical
  Izimvume: Ukugxilwa kwezinto ngokwephysical okuphambili; isivumelwano ngezindlela zokuhlinzeka ngokwephysical
  Izicwangciso: izindlela zokuthenga ziyisikhathi esingaphezu kwe-15–20%; zisivumelwano kuphela ngezinye ezinomthwalo okungu-ncane noma zinomthwalo wokuziqasha

Ukuzimiswa kwezinye izindaba (SSPC-SP 16-2024) kubonisa ukuthi izindlela zokugxilwa kwezinye—njengezindlela zokuthintela izinkambu (isahluko sa- SA 2.5) ekubenzelweni nezinkambu zokuguqula ngokuchemical—kunciphisa izindlela zokuhlupha ngokuphelele ngo-71% emaphandleni wezinkambu zezindlu zokusebenza kwezinkambu, kuloko kungabikho umthwalo wokugxilwa kwezinye kuphela.

Amathuba Okusebenza Kwezinkambu, Izinkambu Zokuhamba, Nokukhanya

Imibono Yokusakazela Kwezinkambu Zokuhamba Ezinomthwalo Wokuhlupha

Lamanje, amaphuzu amasha amaningi asebenzisa izibhodi zesithili esisengwa ngokuphelele ukuze zisolvele lezi zinkinga zokuxhumana kwezindawo eziphakathi ezingasoloko. Uma abengineya bakhetha izinto ezisetyenziswa kulezi zikhungo, bahlala bahlaziya izinto ezimbili: ubukhulu bezinto zokusebenza nokuthi kungaba yini ukuthi kuzobuyiselwa ukuthi abantu bafake iminye yezinye kwezindawo eziphakathi apho bakhuluma phakathi kwezinkundla zokugcina nezinkundla zokuhamba. Kunezinkinga ezingaphezu kweziningi ekubeni kufundwa kumkhondo. Okokuqala kukuba kufanele kube nesilinganiso sokufaka umthelela wasekhwelini kwikhalani emibili ngokuphelele ukusiza ukuthi kubaluleke ukuthi abantu bakhulume. Emva kwalokho kukubonakalisa ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ukuguqula kwetemperetsha okuvutha ukuthi izinto ziyaguquka ngokuphelele futhi ziyagwema ngokuphelele, okunjalo kufanele kube ngokuphelele kwe-0.15 inches ngokuphelele kwezinkundla ezishumi zokugcina. Izinto zifanele futhi ukuthi zisebenze kahle nezinye iziqondiso zomkhondo njengezinye izihlangu zokuhlala esizweni esiphakathi esingavuthi esebenzisa kulezi zikhungo. Uma sibheka ukuthi kuzoba kubaluleke kwezindawo zasekhaya, amaprojekthi amaningi asenziwe ngokuphelele ayisebenzisa izibhodi zesithili esisengwa ngokuphelele ezinamathuba okuthi abantu bakwazi ukudlula ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ng......

Ukusebenza Kwemithambo Yezinkulungwane Zokubeka Amakhanda Emizimba Yomfula Nasezinkulungwane Zokubeka Amakhanda Zokubeka Amakhanda

Ngokwesibonelo sika-OSHA esitholakala ngo-2023, izindawo zemithambo yezindustria zizobona ukuphela kwezinye zezindawo zokufa ngokugcina phansi ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa 62% emva kokuguqula izihlamvu zebhetha ngazo zokubhala izihlamvu zezinc zokubhala. Lezi zihlamvu zinezinkinga ezingama-3/4 inch ezingasendleleni yesiqhumba esizokuthola amanzi ngokugcina phansi ngokuphela ngokulingana nezinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa 45 ngomzuzu ngomtre okuphakathi, kodwa bafunda ubunzima obuhle bakhotho lokusuka phansi (Dynamic Coefficient of Friction) obuyi-0.58 nangona isimo sezulu sibeka phansi ku-20 Fahrenheit. Kulezo zindawo ezibalasele kumkhanda wokudla noma kuzo zizindawo zemakhishi, ukubhala kwesink zinc kwenza umphela omkhulu. Amanzi amahle ayikhiphi lezi zindawo njengoba kwenza kuma-polymers okukhona kuzo ukuthi zibhekene nokugcina phansi emva kwezinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa 5–7 ngokulingana noma kunezindawo eziphambili.

Ukuvuza: Ukuvuseleka Okwengeziwe kwezindawo zokusebenza kwezindawo zokugcina phansi nemisebenzi yezindawo zokusebenza

IMinneapolis neSeattle zibegile ukuthi baphinde bakhubazise amaphoyinti e-steel e-galvanized yonke imithombo emisha yezindlu ezihamba ngaphezulu lezinsukwane. Lo mbono omkhulu? Lezi zikhaya zibona ukuthi zifuna imali encane kusasa. Ngokulandela i-ASCE 2024 report, kunezimali ezingu-28 zokuthengiswa ngasigaba esishiyekile xa kubhekwa izindlela zokuthengiswa ngeminyaka emishumi elithathu. Kuyena futhi, ngoba i-steel e-galvanized iyakwakhiwa kabusha ngokuphelele, kusiza izindlu ukuthola lezi zicertifiketi ze-LEED zokuthobeka, okwenza ukuthi kuzoba kubalulekile kakhulu kumaprojekthi wezokuthobeka. Izisipho zokuhambisa zonke ziyabahleli kanye. Umphathi wokugcina umlando wabonisa ukuthi ngama-78% ayisikhwama sokuthi abayafuna ukuthi i-steel e-galvanized ibe yinto ekhethwe ngayo ukuthi ishwele isikhumba se-bridge. Babonisa into ecashwa ngokuthi yilokhu kwe-1.3 million-cycle fatigue resistance njengomfundo omkhulu, okuyisisekelo esibalulekile kakhulu kumazwe nezikhumba apho ukuthembeka kuyisisekelo esibalulekile kakhulu.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Lo mbono omkhulu wekusebenzisa amaphoyinti e-steel e-galvanized ukuthi akhange kufana noma kubuyeke?

Isiphumo esikhulu kukuthi izibhodi zezinkabi zokugqamisa zinakukhomba ukuthi kubhekene nokuphambana ngokwesibonelo sokufaka isibhodi, okunika umphumela wokuphambana okuphezulu, futhi okuyisibonelo sokuthi kungabhekene nokuphambana kwezinkinga, ikakhulu emizini yezinkathi eziningi noma emizini yezinkathi ezingavuthi.

Izibhodi zezinkabi zokugqamisa ziyasebenza njani ngokwesifunda sezempilo?

Izibhodi zezinkabi zokugqamisa ziyasebenza ngokwesifunda sezempilo, futhi ziyasebenza ngokwesifunda se-ADA ne-OSHA, ngokuthola i-Dynamic Coefficient of Friction (DCOF) ephezulu ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokufaka isibhodi esihle.

Yikuphi umkhawulo wokudura kwezibhodi zezinkabi zokugqamisa nezibhodi zokuphambana?

Lezi zibhodi zinadura kakhulu, futhi izibhodi zokuphambana ziyasebenza kahle kusukela emuva kweminyaka eyisithupha ku-15 ngaphandle, nakuba kunezinkinga eziningi, ngokusebenzisa izinkabi zezinc-aluminum nezindlela zokuthuthukisa ngokomthetho.

Kungani izibhodi zezinkabi zokugqamisa ziyafunwa kakhulu kwezinkambo zezindawo zomzimba?

Babonakala ukuthi baphula izimali ngemva kwezinsuku, bafakelwa kabusha ngokuphelele, futhi babeka ubukhulu obuhle nokuvimbela ukufika kwezinyawo, okuyisibonelo sokuthi amadoda amaningi njenge-Minneapolis ne-Seattle abavimela ukusebenzisa kuzo emazwini amasha.