Ngā Painga Matua o te Whakamahi i ngā Poutere Tuitui Kua Rīwhi Hiriwa

Te Ana Kaha ki te Pāhua mō te Mahi Tūtonu o ngā Poutōrino Mātātoko

Me Pēhea te Kapua Kariki e Whakarangona Ana i ngā Poutōrino Mātātoko

Ko ngā āhuatanga matū ānuwai a te kirihini e hāngai ana ki te kounga o ngā tahumaero karaihe e aukati ai i te mātukutuku me te pāpaku. Ina tūhono ki ngā parirau, ko te takotoranga kirihini anō te tuatahi e pakaru ana, e wātea ana i te arataki e tiaki ana i te hiriwai i raro. E pai ana tēnei mō ngā wāhi e noho tīkapa ana, pērā i ngā wāhi i tapia ai, i honoa ai rānei ngā tahumaero. Kāore te tiaki i te mata anake hoki. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga a te ahumahi, kua roa ake te ora o te hiriwai tiakina e te kirihini, tekau ki te rua tekau ngā wā i te nuinga ake i te hiriwai noa i tīakina. He mea nui tēnei ki ngā hanganga e hiahiatia ai te herekenga atu ki ngā parirau, ki te mātukutuku hoki mō ngā tau maha.

Te Aukatitanga ki te Mātukutuku o te Hiriwai Karaihe i ngā Taiao Piri Huka

I ngā taiao e pā ana te pouri above 85%, kua mau tonu te 98% o te kaha o ngā kapua taraiwa i muri i te 15 tau. Kua whakaatu ngā tākarotanga ko te 0.2% anake te weheinga o te matapae, i te 12% mō ngā kōpae rerekē. Ko te kaha nei nā te āhua o te kirihou ki te hanga i tētahi takotoranga āhuarangi e āki ai te urutaunaha, ka mau tonu te mahi i ngā wā roa i ngā huringa maroke.

Te Mahi i raro i te Pānga ki te Tini awhiawhi me ngā Tikanga Tātaramoa

Ka tū atu ngā tahumaero taraiwa i te tekau pea te rahinga aha atu ki te tini awhiawhi i ngā putiputi kākā, i mua i te kitea he tohu koroi. Kua tohua ngā raraunga paraurau mai i ngā tūwāhi tātaramoa i tēnei tauā:

Ko te roa o tēnei ora e pai ana mō te hiko taraiwa mō ngā tikanga moana me ngā tātaramoa.

Ngā Āhuatanga Whakaora-a-Matihiko o te Hiri Kōwhaioro i te Wāhi Pakanga Iti

Ko te kōwhaioro e tiaki active ana i ngā karapoti tae atu ki te 1 mm i te rahi mā te whakawhitinga ionikia, ka "whakaorahia" ai ngā pakanga iti kaua ko te tumanako. Ka mau tonu te tūturu o te hiri ka aukati i te korarautanga i raro i te hiri—ko tēnei te herekore matua o ngā pūnaha peita mataitai e horoi ana mā te here paraihe anake.

Te Whakatauira I Roto i ngā Taura Huinga Hiko, Tīwae rānei

Ko ngā tātari ora-ora e whakaatu ana ko ngā taura huinga hiko e hereke ana i te 80% iti ake te manaaki i ngā kōwhai taurite. Ahakoa ko te tīwae kāore i te huringa e hinga ana i roto i ngā tau e rima ki ngā taiao hangarau, ko ngā putanga huinga hiko e mau ana i te mahi hanga mō te 30 tau (Raraunga Tūmatanui).

Te Roa Ora me te Ora Ratonga Ki Ngā Whakamahinga Uaua

Te Pakanga o te Tīwae Huinga Hiko i te Hanganga i Raro i ngā Awheroretanga Temperatūr

Ko ngā pae whakawhitinga koura e mahi tika ana i ngā wāhi makariri me ngā wāhi wera (–40°F ki te 200°F), nā te koefihana o te whanaketanga māmā e rite ana ki te hēki. Ko te ōrite o ēnei ka whakarere i te wehe o ngā papa i te wā o ngā wāhi makariri ki te wāhi wera. I ngā whakamahinga pīpīwharauroa ki te takutai, i pupuri tonu te 99% o te ripa o ngā pae koura i muri i te 5,000 wāhi makariri ki te wāhi wera i ngā whakamātau a te ahumahi, ā, i pai ake i ngā pūnaha paina umanga 73%.

Te Whānuitanga Ora i ngā Whakamahinga Tari

Ko ngā whakahaerenga whakangungu e rapu ana i te toronga 50% ake i ngā wā whakakapi ina whakamahia ngā pae whakawhitinga koura. Ko te anuanu a te konukura e tiaki ana i ngā wāhi pakanga pērā i ngā whatu me ngā hononga mai i ngā hautau hōhua hōhua. Kua heke ngā utu tiaki taua o ngā pūngao e whakamahi ana i ēnei wae tapa ki te $18 ia kītanga roa (raraunga NACE 2022).

Te Mahi Roa-Atu Mai i ngā Tauānga Aratohu

I tētahi kaupapa hanga arawhata taiwhenua e toru tekau mā rima tau te roanga, i kitea e ngā inijiniara tētahi mea hihiri mō ngā papa tuanui kua whakaputangia kua whakamahia ki reira. Ahakoa i te pātata tonu ki te ua parauri mai i ngā hau tai, kua mau tonu ngā papa nei i te 92% o tō rātou anuanu metara tuatahi. I kitea ēnei kaupapa ano hoki ki ētahi takotoranga hinu taiwhenua, i hea i ripoatia e ngā kaimahi ngā wāhanga kua whakaputangia e ora ana ake i te toru tekau mā rua tau, ā, karekau he tohu mōrearea koroi. Ko ngā ruwā i hangaia he iti noa, he iti ake i te haurua mitamita te rōrangi i te nuinga o ngā keehu. E hāngai ana tēnei mahi a te ao tuturu ki ngā paerewa a ASTM A123 mō ngā matapae e hiahiatia ana kia taea ai te herekenga ki ngā tikanga taiao uaua. Mō ēnei kua mahi ana i ngā kaupapa kei tāwhiti o te wai maori, ānei ngā kitenga e whakapumautia ana e te marino roa o ngā tikanga whakaputanga kua pai te whakamahi.

Te Painga Haumārū me te Kahungahunga o ngā Papa Tuanui Kua Whakaputangia

Kua Pūmau te Angaia o te Hiko me te Whakapae Kōngahu

Kei te mahi pai ngā kōtinga karika ki te tiaki i te hiko mai i te rūpahu mā te wehe i ngā aronga whakakōhu e tīmata ana ki te whakararu i te kaha o te metara. Āta whakatakarotia hoki ēnei. I whakaatu tētahi rangahau hou ko ngā puehu karikihia i mau tonu te nui o tō rātou kaha ahakoa i noho ki te wai taurekareka i ngā haora miriona ki ngā tikanga tohunga. Ko ēnei takotoranga kariki he aukati pai ki ngā mea e kōhai ana i ngā mata metara i te wā roa. Wāwāhi ana i te wātea o ngā kuwaha e hono ana i ngā wāhanga. Ā, he mea interestinga mō te karikihanga kariki: āea rānei he iti noa ngā karawhiti, he uaua rānei te maroke ki te mata, kei te āhua whakatika anō te matārere i te wā, ka āwhina i te pūmau o te mea e tiakina ana.

Iti ake te Tūponotanga o te Pakaru ki ngā Taiao Mahi-ā-Taiao me ngā Taiao Rangi

Ko ngā poutokomanawa arawhata kīroiroi e tū ana pai ana i ngā takotoranga uaua kei hea ka wareware te hiko matawhai, whakaarohia ngā papamira parakirihana tai moana, ngā tohunga hangarau i kite ai ko ēnei poutokomanawa kītara hiriwa me te tiaki mai i te mātātoko engari 28 ngā wā i runga i te 100, ina mōhiotia ana ko ngā kōpae arataki me te tahumaero e hiahiatia ana ngā whakatikatika tonu. Ko te tiaki i te mātātoko kia mau tonu ai te kaha o te hanganga, nō reira kāore ngā ara huarahi e puipui, kāore hoki ngā rārā e nekeneke ana ahakoa ngā tau e pā ana te rangi uaua, ngā hua mātātoko hoki. He mea nui tēnei ina ko te haumātauranga te take.

Whai Wāhi Iti, Uruwhenua I Te Roanga O Te Wā

Ngā vantepā o te hiko kīroiroi ki te kītara i runga i ngā kōpae arataki

E ai ki ngā tūhuratanga hou mai i te tau 2023 mō ngā matapae here whenua, me whā toru haurua pea te iti ake o te mahi tiaki i ngā puehu mātātoko kōwhai ki te nuinga o ērā e paina ana. He aha te take e āki ai tēnei? Ko te taraiwa e hono ana ki te rino ki te taumata metara, nō reira kāore he hiahia kia paintia anō i ia tau. Kāore te paina e mau tonu ki te ataāhua me te whakapā atu tinana marie pērā me te taraiwa. Mō ngā wāhi e zike ana te urupare, pērā i ēnei hanganga tūpapa teitei, i waho rānei i ngā takotoranga hinu ki te moana, aronga kia iti ake ngā kaimahi e piki haere ana hei whakatika. Ka iti ake ngā raru haumāru, ka hauora ake hoki ngā tikanga, nā te mea kāore ngā timitanga tiaki e hiahiatia ana kia tūhono marie ki ēnei wāhi rore.

Te penihana me te penihana moni mō ngā mātai me ngā whakatikatika

E ai ki tētahi āta tirotiro i ngā utu mō te whakahaere i ngā tikanga i te tau 2023, kua pakaru pea ngā papa tuanui kua whakapiripiri karaihe i ngā utu o waho e 40 ki te 60 ōrau ina mātai ki ngā kowhatu kua rīwai. Ko te nuinga o ngā moni i tīmataia e te hiahia kia tirohia ngā taraiwa kua paina e rua ngā wā i te tau, me te iti ake o ngā wā e whakatika ana. E mōhiotia ana tētahi tauira o ngā hanganga karaihe e haere tonu ana mō te neke atu i te 35 tau kāore he hiahia ki tētahi mahi hanganga. Kua timata hoki ngā kaitiaki tōpuni o te motu ki te huri i ō rātou aronga moni. E whakaatu ana ētahi ripoi tāpiri tētahi wāhi umanga kua huri i te 80% o ngā moni i roa nei i runga i te whakahaere noa ki ngā wāhi e hāpai ake ana i te uara o te mahi. E tekau mā rua ngā ripoi takotoranga e āwhina ana i tēnei kaupapa.

Ngā Rautaki Māmā me te Whakauru Māmā mō ngā Hanganga Taiao me ngā Hangarau

Te Whakamahinga i te Hiko Karaihe mō ngā Papatuanui me ngā Ara Ipuipui mō ngā Wāhi Umanga

Ko ngā poutōrino mātātoko kōpua hiko rino he mea māmā noa iho engari e taea ana te herekenga nui, nā reira ka mahi pai ki ngā tūmau whakangao rereke. Ko te ara e hangaia ana ēnei poutōrino hei waeine he awhina nui i te hunga e hui haere ana i ngā wāhi herenga pērā i ngā pūngao hiko, i ngā whare whakapaku rānei. Kāore he hiahia ki te whakamahi karaihe motuhake, kāore hoki he hiahia ki te parai ake i te tūwāhi nā te mea ko te katoa e hono ana mā ngā waeine painga. E penapena ana tēnei i te wā nui i te wā o te whakauru—pehea ranei te haurua o te wā arataki? Anō hoki, kei te whai tonu i ngā paerewa haumaru OSHA nō reira kāore he tangata e ngaro ai i ngā take whai mātātoko i muri ake.

Ngā whakamahinga ki ngā Tūmau Taiao Waho me ngā Herenga Uaua

Ko ngā pae whakawhitinga karaka kua whakaputangia ki te paraihe e āki ai i ngā wā roa o te ua, ngā puarae hāora herekau, me ngā teperitaha tino pakari mai i te 40 mita nehe ki te 150 mita. Hei tauira ētahi pae i whakauruhia ki tētahi rīhināri taiwhenua i te 2017, kei te pai tonu te āhua, kāore he totohu mātukutuku ahakoa e noho ana i ngā tikanga pūpahi paraumu e tata ana ki te 2,500 miramita ia tau ki te mita tapawhā. Nō reira i te kaha o ēnei pae, ka mahi pai ki ngā wāhi pērā i ngā takotoranga hinu tai, e hiahiatia ana ngā ara haumaru mō ngā kaimahi, ki roto i ngā whare tāpoi wai whati, e noho ana ngā matēraerae kino, me ngā ara tere e noho ana ngā rōpū tiaki i ngā huarahi e whakamahia ana ngā paraumu whakamāmau hukapapa i ngā marama makariri.

Tākarotia: Te Kaha o te Pae Whakawhitinga Karaka i ngā Takotoranga Tai

I te kitenga i ngā papa weraumia o te Moana-o-Toi i te tau 2022 ka whakaatu tētahi mea hihiri mō ngā tahumaero kua whakapiripiri karaihe. I te tekau mā rima tau, i herekeia te maha o ngā tirohanga tiaki ki ēnei hanganga, e 73 ōrau pea te iti ake i ngā kōpae kua paina. He aha te take e pai ai tēnei mahi? Ko te takotoranga o te karaihe zinc he mea ora ana, ā, ka whakamātau hoki te huaki i ngā wāhi matua herekore kei reira ngā hononga. Ahakoa i ētahi pakanga i te wā i whakauruhia ngā taputapu taumaha, kāore i tino pakaru te tiaki. Mā muri i ngā mea i kitea e mātou, me whai wātea ngā tahumaero karaihe karaihe i te rautau e 50 tau i mua i te hiahia ki te whakakapi. Kotahi te toru tekau pea te roa ake i te mātāpuna māmā anuanu e taea ana i ngā tikanga moana koiwi pērā.

Wāhanga FAQ

He aha te vantex o te whakamahi i ngā tahumaero karaihe karaihe?

Ko ngā tahumaero karaihe karaihe e tuku ana i te manawaroa ki te korarora, te ora roa ake, me ngā utu tiaki iti ake i ngā kōpae paina, nō reira ko te wāhi pai mō ngā taiao uaua.

Me pēhea e tiaki ai te kōpae hīnihini i ngā tahumaero o te ataata?

E tiaki ana te kōpae hīnihini mā te hanga i tētahi rārangi tiaki e kawe ana i te whakapā atamira ki ngā tuumomo, e tiaki ana i te hiriwai kei raro i te rūpau me te marorotanga.

He aha te take e pai ai ngā tahumaero karaihe mō ngā rohe tai?

Ka taea e ngā tahumaero karaihe te manaaki i te takotoranga itūā o te kōrihi kāore he pākiwaitua, ā, ko ngā raraunga paraoa e whakaatu ana i te roa ake o te wā o te ratonga mō ngā tahumaero karaihe tēnā i ngā tahumaero kiripaku ki ngā tikanga waimātukutuku.

He aha ngā painga utu o te whakamahi i ngā tahumaero ataata karaihe?

Ko te whakamahi i te hiriwai karaihe e muru ana i ngā utu katoa e 40 ki te 60 ōrau tōrahi nā te iti ake o ngā utu tiaki, utu whakatika, me te roa ake o ngā wā tono.

Ka taea te whakauru ngā tahumaero ataata karaihe ngāwari noa?

Āe, ko ngā tahumaero ataata karaihe he tapa kotahi, ka hono atu ki ngā wāhanga whakauru, e āwhina ana i te whakauru tere ake ki ngā tūmau anga-aha.