Te whāwhātanga i waenganui i te pōro tūhononga BS1139 me te pōro tūhononga tōnuitia e JIS

Ngā Āhuatanga Pōro Tūhononga BS1139

Ko te whakapapa me te rohe o ngā Tōnuitanga BS1139

Kua whakatūhia te BS1139 standards ki ngā whakahaere tino whai tikanga hei waihanga i tētahi ara kotahi me te haumaru mō te tūhononga i roto i ngā umanga hanga. I ngā wā o mua, kua anga atu ēnei tīwiri hei urupare ki te hiahia ki te ōrite i te hoahoa, hanganga, me ngā tikanga haumaru o ngā tūhononga. Ko te BS1139 e whai anō ana i ētahi wāhanga e rerekē ana e tautoko ana i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te tūhononga. Hei tauira, ko te Wāhanga 1 he whai mō ngā tohu mō ngā pōro toa me te paraihe, ka tūtohua ai ngā matū e whakamahia ana kei te tūhononga kia pai me te haumaru. Kāore e taea te whakawhitinga i te nui o ēnei tīwiri, i āwhina ai i te haumaru, te whirinakitanga, me te kaha o te hanganga i ngā kaupapa hanga ki te ao. Ka tautuhia e rātou ngā taumata e arahi ai ngā kamupene hanga ki te ao, ka iti ake ai ngā pakanga mahi me te whakapai ake i te kaha o ngā hanganga takotoranga.

Te Kaihanga Matū me te Whakaputa

Ko ngā karu tarau BS1139 huinga kaha e whakamahi nuinga ana i te hinu, e mōhiotia ana mō tana kaha o roto me te pakari. Ko ēnei karu he wāhi e whai kiko ai ngā kāwai hinu motuhake me ngā kai hanga huinga pērā i te Kāpara (C), Karaihe (Si), Whanariki (P), Huruhuru (S), me te Nītrogeni (N). Ko ngā tikanga hāpai ake mō ēnei karu e arataki ana ki te whai tikanga ki ngā paerewa houhono pakari, ka tūtohu i ia wā kotahi i ngā here kaha o te tāwhiri. Arā, ko te kaha tāwhiri o ēnei karu he 340 ki te 480 MPa, e whai ana i ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga kaha rawa e ngā rōpū whakahaere. Ko ēnei tohu he mea matua mō ngā huinga, kei hea te kaha me te kiko o te tarau he mea matua hei tautoko i ngā kāenga nui me te eke atu i ngā kaha taiao katoa ki ngā wāhi hanga.

Ngā Whakamahinga Hui-katoa ki te Hanganga

Ko ngā whatu whakapae BS1139 e whai whakamahinga whānui ana i roto i ngā horopaki hanganga katoa, mai i ngā whakapai ake i ngā whare ki ngā kaupapa hauauru nui. Ko te rongonui o ēnei me te āhua whakaururangi me te pakari, nō reira kei te noho pūmahara ki ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana te whakaururangi me te haumaru. Hei tauira, ko ngā kaupapa nui, pērā i ngā whare umanga rahi me ngā tōwhe, kawea ana e ēnei tīpako mō ngā hanganga whakapae tūturu. Ko te āhua whakaururangi o te hoahoa e whakaae ai te whiritea ki ngā here motuhake o te kaupapa, i te wa e whakarite ana i te aronga haumaru mo ngā kaimahi hanganga. Ko ētahi kaupapa toa i te ao, pērā i ērā e whai whakamahinga ana i ngā hoahoa whare whakahirahira, kua angitu hoki i ēnei tīpako, e tohu ana i te kaha me te nui o ēnei tikanga ki te hanganga anō o nāianei.

Ngā Tohu Mōhini Whakapae JIS

Ko Ngā Tono JIS 3444 Kua Whakamāramatia

Kei te tākarotia e te whakaritenga JIS 3444 te haumaru me te whirinakitanga o ngā papa tuanui, ka whakahuatia ngā here motuhake mō ngā puipui hinu e whakamahia ana i te hanga. Ko tēnei whakaritenga hanga Hapani e tiwhikia ai kia ū ki ngā tikanga haumaru matua ngā wāhanga papa tuanui, ka āwhina hoki i te kounga hanganga o ngā rāwekenga papa tuanui. Ina kōwhiri i ēnei whakaritenga ki ngā whakaritenga ao BS1139, ko te JIS 3444 he aronga motuhake ki te kounga mata me ngā tikanga haumaru, e whakaatu ana i ngā hiahia hanga rohe me ngā tikanga whai mātauranga. Hei tauira, ahakoa ko te BS1139 te whakaaetia whānui mo tana whakamahinga ao, ko te JIS 3444 te nuinga o te whakaaetanga i ngā takutai Ura ki te raki mai i tana rite ki ngā tikanga hanga takitahi me ngā whakapono haumaru.

Kounga Hinu me te Manawa Ki Te Kōhatu

Ko ngā kounga hinu e whakaritea ana e ngā tīari JIS, pērā i te STK400 me te STK500, he mōhiotia mā te kaha o ō rātou ahuatanga hinu, nā reira he tōnei ki ngā whakamahinga pāpaku. Ko te kaha o ēnei kounga hinu ki te whetekura he mea matua, mai i te wā e noho ai ngā pāpaku ki ngā tikanga taiao uaua. Ko ngā rawa hui atu, pērā i te whakapiripiri, e whakapai ake i tēnei kaha, ka tiaki i te haumaru me te roa o te ora. I te kaua nei, ko ngā tatauranga e totohu mai ana ko ngā rawa whakamaru i te whetekura e taea ai te roa o te ora o ngā tuana pāpaku e 25%, e whakaatu ana i te aronga o ēnei tikanga whanaketanga ki te whakapono haumaru i te wā roa o te whakamahi.

Te Whakaaetanga Takiwā ki ngā Kaitohu Asia

Ko ngā karu whakapapa JIS e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ngā tāone Āwherika, engari ko Japan te wāhi i koa ai, kei reira hoki ko te tauā mō ngā kaupapa hanganga. Ko tēnei whakaaro e hāngai ana ki ngā uara ahurea e toa ana ki te tika me te haumaru, tae atu hoki ki ngā tikanga herehere e here ana i te whai i ngā tautohetohe taketake. Ko ngā whenua pērā i Hōrei Kōrea me Tairana e whakaae hoki ana i ngā tautohetohe JIS, kua whakapiria hoki rātou e ngā tikanga herehere me ngā tikanga hanganga e ōrite ana. Ka kitea hoki ngā kaupapa nui o te whakawhanaketanga i runga i Japan, pērā i te hanga i ngā ratonga rerehua tere, kua whakamahi angitu hoki i ngā tautohetohe karu whakapapa JIS, e whakaatu ana i ō rātou whakapono me te āhua pai ki ngā kaupapa nui.

BS1139 vs JIS: Ngā Rerekētanga Matua

Ngā Rerekētanga o te Mīti me te Whakaputa

Ina tātari i ngā whakaritenga matū o BS1139 me ngā tīwini JIS, ka kitea e mātou ngā rerekētanga motuhake kei te kounga me te tūhono. Ko te BS1139, i whakatuwherahia e ngā tīwini Piritania, ka whakakaha ki ngā matū kaha pērā i te mātāpuna hinu hei whakapumau i te roa o te ora me te aukati i te parurenga. Ko ngā tīwini JIS ka whai whakamaimoa ki te pupuri i ngā metara hui e whakamahia ana, e whai ana kia rite ai te whakauru ki ngā taiao hanga rereke, engari ki ngā maakete Awherika.

• Mana Kounga : Ko te BS1139 e whai tikanga ana ki ngā aratohu ceeke ki ana tikanga tinana me ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga, hei whakapumau i te mahinga tata. Ko ngā tīwini JIS ka whai whakamaimoa ki te whakauru ā-rohe, e taea ai e whakarahi te ōrite o ēnehi tikanga.
• Tūhononga : Ko te tūhononga mō te BS1139 e wātea ana kia tāngata tohunga Eropi, Te Moana Nui rānei, hei whakapumau i te toro whānui ki te tāutu matū. Ko ngā matū JIS heoi anō te tūhononga ā-rohe, e whakakaha ana ki te whai whirinakitanga ā-rohe me te wātea.

Ko ngā taumira o te ao hōu e whakaatu ana i ēnei rerekētanga o te whakauru e pāngia ai te āhua o te tūmau o te takotoranga ki te eke panuku i ngā kaha ahuwhenua me ngā kaha whakahaere.

Ngā tohenga Kaute me te Rawa o te Kiriata

Ko ngā tohenga kaute me te rawa o te kiriata kei BS1139 me ngā tīwini JIS e āki ai te āhua o te tautoko wae me te haumaru o te takotoranga. Ko te BS1139 e here ana i te tane mo te kaute 48.3mm, e ū ana ki ngā punaha takotoranga arataki o te ao, e homai ana i te tūhononga o te hanganga.

• Tīkanga Toitoi : Ko te BS1139 e here ana i te kiriata taumaha atu i te JIS, e whakapai ake ana i te roa o te wāhi eke panuku. I te tauwehe, ko te JIS e whakaae ana i te māmātanga ki te rerekētanga o te rahi hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia ahuwhenua rerekē.
• Ngā Pānga Tautoko Wae : Ko ngā raraunga tauira mai i te BS1139 e whakaatu ana i te hoahoa inihua pakari e tautohu ana i te wehenga taumaha me ngā kaha tautoko, e homai ana i te mahi pai ake ki ngā take hanga.

Ko ngā kaupapa e whai ana kia tūhono ai te āwhina i te tūāpapaku hui nui, kia tiakina ai te haumaru o ngā kaimahi me te whirinakitanga.

Te Whāinga Tōmua Te Whāinga

Ko ngā tīwae BS1139 me JIS e whakaatu ana i ngā whāinga tōmua rerekē e pa ana ki te mahi ake o te tūāpapaku. Ko te BS1139 e mōhiotia ana mō te tuku i ngā taumata haumaru nui mai i tana whakamātau tino pakari, kia taea ai e ngā hanganga tūāpapaku te kawe i ngā kawenga nui ake anō hoki ki te wa e pā ana ngā tikanga kino. I te wā kotahi, ko ngā tohutohu JIS, e mātua whakarereke hoki ki ngā here o te wāhi, heke pea i ngā whāinga rerekē e noho ana ki ngā tikanga-a-rohe.

• Nga Taupurongo o te Ao Tawhito : Ki ngā tautohenga mataara, ka tūtohua ai ēnei tīwae i te kaha o ngā tūāpapaku ki ngā kaupapa hiahia nui. Ko ngā tīwae BS1139 kei te mōhiotia ina hiahiatia ana te haumaru teitei rawa ki ngā kaupapa whānui.
• Ngā Kōrero a Ngā Tohunga : Ko ngā tohunga o te umanga e mōhiotia ana i ngā ine BS1139 hei tauira mō te whakatirotiro kia mau tonu te tūāpapaku i ana tihokanga mahi me ngā taumata haumaru whānuitia.

Ko ngā whakatauira tēnei e whakaatu ana i te aha o ngā kaha e uta nei ki te tūhono i ngā mahinga poupou tōmua ki ngā wāhi hanga rereke.

Te Whai Tikanga o te Rohe me ngā Whakamahinga Tūmatanui

BS1139 ki ngā Kaupapa Hangarau Matawhenua

Ko ngā tuiri BS1139 e whakamahia ana i te ao huihuinga, e whakarite ai i te haumaru me te whirinakitanga. Ko te tikanga whakauru ki te whakamahi i ngā tuiri BS1139 he whiwhi i ngā whakaaetanga e hiahiatia ana e whakamana ana i te aratau Piritania. Ko te kōwae he whakauru kia mātua tūtohu ngā taputapu me te hoahoa ki ngā taumata kounga motuhake. Hei tauira, i te whakatinanatanga o ngā aratau BS1139 i tākotoria kia matua angitu ngā kaupapa pērā i te hanga i ngā whare ririhau ki te Raki o te Hauauru, i reka ai i ngā putanga inuhi pūmahara, ā, i muri mai ko te whai oronga o ngā hanganga. Ko te whakamahi i ngā aratau BS1139 ki ngā kaupapa tuwai i te ao e tohu ana i te nuinga o te haumaru me te āki ai i ngā mahi hanga kia pai ai te nekehanga.

Te Kaha ake o JIS kei te Whai Wāhi Hanganga o Japan

Ko ngā tīari a JIS he nui rawa te noho ki ngā tikanga whakarewa i Hapani, kua rereke ki te whenua o te hanga. I ngā wā o mua, ko JIS kua rite ki te kounga me te haumaru i te whakarewa, e hāngai ana ki ngā kaupapa hanga i runga i Hapani. Kātahi ka whai wāhi nui ki te haumaru me te āhua o ngā kaupapa nui, pērā i te hanga i ngā arawhata me ngā rori. Ko ngā rara kei te tohu i te tikanga o te whai whakaaetanga me te whakapakari ake i te angitu o te kaupapa e whakaatu ana i te roa o ngā tīari a JIS, i āwhina ai i te whakarite i te whirinakitanga o te hanganga me te whakapono ki te maakete i ngā hanganga o Hapani.

Te whakauru ki ngā Pūnaha Couplock me ngā Whakapae A-Frame

Ko ngā punaha tūwhera BS1139 me JIS e whai wāhi pai ana ki ngā punaha couplock me ngā tūwhera A-frame, e hāngai ai i ō rātou āhuatanga mahi. Ko te kāwenga o te whai wāhi kotahi he whakapai ake i ngā paerewa haumaru mā te tiaki i te ōrite o te taraiwa me te pumau, arā anō hoki te mōrahi i te mōrearea o ngā pakaru o te hanganga. Anō hoki, āwhina ēnei punaha arataki tāpirihia ki ngā taputapu i te whakapai ake i te mahinga tere ki te tūhono me te tango i ngā tūwhera, e mōhiotia ai e ngā roopu inu tikanga hanga. Kua toa ngā rangahau e whakaatu ana i te nuinga o te whai wāhi mai o ēnei punaha, e mārama ai hoki i ā raatau kawenga ki te heke i ngā tau incident me te whanake i ngā taiao haumaru ake mō ngā wāhi hanga. Ko te takotoranga kotahi o ngā tūwhera arataki me ngā taputapu e whakaatu ana i te nuinga o te whai whakaritenga me te whakatinanatanga i roto i te haumaru hanga.