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Ngā Āhuatanga Pōro Tūhononga BS1139
Ko te whakapapa me te rohe o ngā Tōnuitanga BS1139
Ko ngā tāngeo BS1139 i timata i te mōhio kei te hiahiatia tētahi whakapātata ki te hāngai i te pāpaku huihuinga i te tāone huihuinga. I ngā rā o mua, i kitea e ngā kaimahi tāpoi kāore he ture noa mō ngā pāpaku, kātahi ka nui te mōrearea ki ngā wāhi mahi. Ko te tāngeo nei e whakakapi ana i ngā wāhanga maha e hāngai ana ki ngā āhuatanga rereke o te mahi pāpaku. Arā, ko te wāhanga tahi hei tauira e whakaatu ana i ēhea momo pōro toa me te whiti rānei e hiahiatia ana, ka tūtohu kia kaha ngā taputapu e tūturu ai i raro i ngā kaimahi. Ko ngā aratohu huihuinga nei he nui te take nō te mea ka whakapai ake i te haumāmā o ngā whare, ka whakapai ake i te whirinakitanga o ngā hanganga, ā, ka tū kaha ake ngā mea katoa i te wā o te hanga. Kei te āki ai te nuinga o ngā kamupene hanga ki te ao nei i ēnei tātai inaianei, i te nui ake pea i te whakaiti i ngā hinga ki ngā wāhi mahi, ā, i te whakapai ake i te kaha o ngā hanganga taupua tāpoi kua tū kaha ake i mua.
Te Kaihanga Matū me te Whakaputa
Ko ngā tuiri whakapae BS1139 i hangaia ki te muka kaha te nuinga nei i te kāore he tāngata e hiahia ana kia pakaru tō rātou whakapae ina kei te pūpahi ngā kaimahi ki reira. Ko te muka kaha anō te whakamahia e āhua ōrite ana ngā kōpae e whai ngā huinga matua pērā i te karaihe, te hāpene, te whanawhana, te taraiti, me te nītrōhine. Ina whanake ana i ēnei tuiri, ko te kounga o te pātī he mea nui rawa mai i te mea me taea e ia te kaha o te katoa te kaha kāore ai i te pakaru. Kei te kōrero mātou i ngā kaha tōnui e 340MPa tae noa ki te 480MPa. Kāore tēnei kaha i ngā tau ki te pepa anake engari i te tautoko hoki e ngā ture kounga kaha e herea ana e ngā tikanga haumaru i te wāhi katoa. Mō te katoa e mahi ana ki ngā tūmomo tapenakenga, ko ēnei tātai he rerekētanga i te ao tūrangi i waenganui i ngā mahi haumaru me ngā raru mōrearea ina arotake ana i ngā kāenga taumaha me ngā āhuatanga ā-hau katoa e tākarotia ana i ia rā i ia rā.
Ngā Whakamahinga Hui-katoa ki te Hanganga
Ko ngā whatu whakauru BS1139 e kitea ana i te wāhi katoa o ngā mahi hanga i ēnei rā, he iti noa te rerekē o te whakatika i ngā whare tawhito, he rahi rānei te hanga i ngā kaupapa hanganga. Kei te aroha te tangata ki ēnei mō te mea ka taea e rātou te whakarereke me te whakautu ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē kaua ko te pakaru, e hiahiatia ana i ngā wāhi katoa e hiahia ana ngā kaimahi ki te mea he whakauru āwhai whakauru. Hei tauira, kei te whare hokohoko, he tōwai rānei, ko te nuinga o ngā kaihoko e noho pū ana ki te tārā nei i te wā e tōa ana i ngā whakauru taupua i te wā o ngā wā kua whakatūngia. Ko te mea ka whakapāhunu ai ko te māmā o te whakarereke i te tōhanga kia tino ōrite ki ngā here e hiahiatia ana e ia te mahi. Ko te arataki i ngā ture BS1139 e whakamaru ana i te katoa o te tāone mai i ngā hinganga hoki. Kua kitea e tātou tōpahi ngā hanganga whakahirahira ki te ao nei i rerekē ngā kaihoahoa i te tātai ki ngā hoahoa pīroiroi engari i oti tonu ngā mea katoa kia haumaru hoki mā te whakamahi tōhanga tika e arataki ana i ēnei tārā kua whakaturia.
Ngā Tohu Mōhini Whakapae JIS
Ko Ngā Tono JIS 3444 Kua Whakamāramatia
He tino whakaaetia a JIS 3444 kia noho haumaru, kia whakamahia ai ngā āhuatanga hiko e whakarite ana i ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana mō ngā kōhatu toa hei whakamahi i ngā mahi hanga. Ko te ture a Tiamani ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā wāhanga katoa o te tapa haumaru i ngā tikanga haumaru whakapāhunu, ā, ka awhina i te whare kia kaua e hinga ina tū ana ngā kaimahi ki runga. Ko te whārangi ki te whakarewa i ēnei ture ki ētahi atu ture o te ao pērā i a BS1139 e whakaatu ana i ētahi rerekētanga. Ko JIS 3444 ka toa ake te nuinga o te kounga o ngā rawa me ngā tikanga haumaru, ā, he mea e mārama ai ki te tikanga hanga me ngā tikanga ake o Iapani. Whakamahia a BS1139 hei tauā tūmatanui, engari ko JIS 3444 te nui ake te whakapāha i ngā wāhi pērā i Haina me Korea ki te Tonga nā te mea he tōnei ki te tikanga hanga i reira, ā, ka whakautu i ā rātou anō whakapāhunu i te tūāhua.
Kounga Hinu me te Manawa Ki Te Kōhatu
Ko ngā kounga hinu toihau JIS pērā i te STK400 me te STK500 kua tuanui hei tāpoi mō te whakauru poutū mai i tā rātou whakamaumahara ki te here. Ko te mea nui i ngā kounga hinu ko te āhua o te whakarewa i te rāpaki me te whakarewa i te kaiwhakarewa, he mea nui tēnei i te mea ka pāngia e te ua, te rā me ngā parakiru o te tūrua te whakauru poutū i ia rā. Ko te whakarewa i te hinu ka tāpiri i te whakarewa ki te kaiwhakarewa, he mea nui tēnei ka tiakina ngā kaimahi me te whare e roa ake ai. Ko ētahi raraunga mai i te umanga e whakaatu ana kātahi ka whakauru poutū e whiwhi tikanga te whakarewa kaiwhakarewa, kua roa ake te ora nui 25% tērā i ērā kāore i te whakarewa. Ko te roa o te kaha o te kounga tērā ka iti ake ngā wa e hiahia ana ki te whakakapi me te whakahaere tonu, he tauira tēnei i te nuinga o ngā kaihoko e mōhiotia ai te kounga o ngā tikanga whakaputua ahakoa kua tāpirihia ki ngā utu tuatahi.
Te Whakaaetanga Takiwā ki ngā Kaitohu Asia
Ko ngā whatu whakapae JIS e whakamahia ana i te nuinga o te Awherika, ina koa i te Hapani kei reira i rite ki te tātai mō te nuinga o ngā mahi hanga. Kei te whai rawa te hunga kei reira i te tika me te haumaru o ngā kaimahi, e māmā ai te hiahia ki ēnei tātai. Anō hoki, ko ngā tikanga a Hapani he tino herea kia arataki i ngā tikanga tāone mō ngā kaupapa hanga pāmuā. Ko te Hōrei ki te Tonga me te Tāwana e whai ana i te ara, nō te mea ko ā rātou anō tikanga me te ara i hangaia ai ngā mea kei reira e rite ana ki te Hapani. Tirohia te whakawhanaketanga o te rohe tere tere o Hapani i ngā tau e 10 kua hipa - i te nuinga o ngā taputapu hanga i runga i ngā taputapu whakapae JIS whakamana. Ko te mea ka tū ngā pūnaha nei i raro i ngā tikanga pīroiroi nei e kōrero ana i te tau o te maha o ngā kaihangā e kai ana ki a rātou i te mea ko te atamira he wātea atu.
BS1139 vs JIS: Ngā Rerekētanga Matua
Ngā Rerekētanga o te Mīti me te Whakaputa
Ko te tiro atu ki ā BS1139 me ngā tikanga a JIS e pā ana ki ngā tauranga e whakaatu ana i ngā ara whiti kia rite ki te kounga me te wāhi e mai ana. Ko te BS1139 te tikanga whakaritea e te Kāwanatanga o te Kīngitanga tuarangi e hāpai ana i ngā mea kaha pērā i te mātāpuna hinu kia roa te ora me te pakanga ki te parurenga. Kei te taha ki te tāone, ko ngā tikanga a JIS he pūmau ki ngā rino e whakamahia ana i ngā wā o mua i te hanga whare. E mārama ana tēnei ina tirohia te ara i hangaia ai ngā whare puta noa i te Āwherika, kei hea tonu ngā tauranga o mua e mahi tūhonohono ana ahakoa kei te wā kua tū a ngā kōwhiringa hōu.
- Mana Kounga : Ko te BS1139 e whai tikanga ana ki ngā aratohu ceeke ki ana tikanga tinana me ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga, hei whakapumau i te mahinga tata. Ko ngā tīwini JIS ka whai whakamaimoa ki te whakauru ā-rohe, e taea ai e whakarahi te ōrite o ēnehi tikanga.
- Tūhononga : Ko te tūhononga mō te BS1139 e wātea ana kia tāngata tohunga Eropi, Te Moana Nui rānei, hei whakapumau i te toro whānui ki te tāutu matū. Ko ngā matū JIS heoi anō te tūhononga ā-rohe, e whakakaha ana ki te whai whirinakitanga ā-rohe me te wātea.
Ko ngā taumira o te ao hōu e whakaatu ana i ēnei rerekētanga o te whakauru e pāngia ai te āhua o te tūmau o te takotoranga ki te eke panuku i ngā kaha ahuwhenua me ngā kaha whakahaere.
Ngā tohenga Kaute me te Rawa o te Kiriata
Ko ngā tohenga kaute me te rawa o te kiriata kei BS1139 me ngā tīwini JIS e āki ai te āhua o te tautoko wae me te haumaru o te takotoranga. Ko te BS1139 e here ana i te tane mo te kaute 48.3mm, e ū ana ki ngā punaha takotoranga arataki o te ao, e homai ana i te tūhononga o te hanganga.
- Tīkanga Toitoi : Ko te BS1139 e here ana i te kiriata taumaha atu i te JIS, e whakapai ake ana i te roa o te wāhi eke panuku. I te tauwehe, ko te JIS e whakaae ana i te māmātanga ki te rerekētanga o te rahi hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia ahuwhenua rerekē.
- Ngā Pānga Tautoko Wae : Ko ngā raraunga tauira mai i te BS1139 e whakaatu ana i te hoahoa inihua pakari e tautohu ana i te wehenga taumaha me ngā kaha tautoko, e homai ana i te mahi pai ake ki ngā take hanga.
Ko ngā kaupapa e whai ana kia tūhono ai te āwhina i te tūāpapaku hui nui, kia tiakina ai te haumaru o ngā kaimahi me te whirinakitanga.
Te Whāinga Tōmua Te Whāinga
Ina te kōrero mō ngā tātai tāpapa, ko BS1139 me JIS e whākahaere ana i ngā whāinga tāwā e tino rerekē ana e pā ana ki te kaha o ngā hanganga ki te whakamahinga i ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūmatanui. Ko te tātai tāpapa o Britain BS1139 e toa ana i tana whakauru i te nui o ngā rāwekenga haumaru hoki mā te whai tikanga tāwhai. Ko te tikanga tēnei, ko ngā tāpapa i hangaia ki tēnei whakaritenga ka taea te eke atu i ngā kaha nui ake, ā, ina pērā anō i te āhua o te wāhi mahi. I te taha atu, ko ngā Tātai Tāone o Japan (JIS) he whai whakawhitinga ake i te āhua o ngā tikanga hanga tāone o te wāhi e noho ana. Ko ngā tātai kaha e rerekē ana kia rite ki te wāhi e mahia ana, ā, ko tēnei e wāia ai te whakapā atu ki ngā kaihāpai i waho i te mōhio ki ngā rerekētanga o ngā wāhi.
- Nga Taupurongo o te Ao Tawhito : Ki ngā tautohenga mataara, ka tūtohua ai ēnei tīwae i te kaha o ngā tūāpapaku ki ngā kaupapa hiahia nui. Ko ngā tīwae BS1139 kei te mōhiotia ina hiahiatia ana te haumaru teitei rawa ki ngā kaupapa whānui.
- Ngā Kōrero a Ngā Tohunga : Ko ngā tohunga o te umanga e mōhiotia ana i ngā ine BS1139 hei tauira mō te whakatirotiro kia mau tonu te tūāpapaku i ana tihokanga mahi me ngā taumata haumaru whānuitia.
Ko ngā whakatauira tēnei e whakaatu ana i te aha o ngā kaha e uta nei ki te tūhono i ngā mahinga poupou tōmua ki ngā wāhi hanga rereke.
Te Whai Tikanga o te Rohe me ngā Whakamahinga Tūmatanui
BS1139 ki ngā Kaupapa Hangarau Matawhenua
Ko ngā whatu whakapae BS1139 e kitea ana i ngā wāhi katoa mai i ngā whare hōu whakapae ki ngā tūmatanui huihuinga puta noa i te ao, no te mea ka tūhono tātou ki te whakamaru i ngā kaimahi. Ko te whiwhi whakaaetanga mō ēnei whatu he mea e hiahiatia ana kia tūhono ki ngā ara tika kia whakatau ko te tōaitanga o ngā here o Piritania. Me mātua āta tirotiro ngā kaihoko i te kounga o te matāpuna me ngā tohutohu hoahoa kia ū ki ēnei tōaitanga i mua i te tīmatanga o te kaupapa. Ko te otinga o ngā whare whakapae hōu i Dubai hei tauira tētahi kaupapa pai i reira i te whakaaetanga tāpiri BS1139 te mea i whakarere i te rerekētanga. Kua whakapuakina e ngā iniamu i reira kia iti ake ngā panonitanga e hiahiatia ana i te tāone no te mea kua hangaia katoa ngā mea ki ngā tohutohu tāpure. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere hanga hui tāone e kōrero ana ki te katoa e pāpaku ana mō te here BS1139 kāore i te noho pāpā takotoranga, engari ko te mea tika nei ka whakapumau i te whatu whakapae i ngā rā tōaitanga hau parara e hiahiatia ana i ngā tūmatanui huihuinga puta noa i te ao.
Te Kaha ake o JIS kei te Whai Wāhi Hanganga o Japan
Ko ngā tānagata JIS kei te tāone katoa i ngā mahi whakauru hōke, tūpuna tāwhai ana i te ara i hangaia ai ngā whare kei reira. I ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, ko te JIS he kaiako pū te kounga me te haumaru o ngā whakauru whakauru, te āki i ngā kaupapa hanga nui katoa mā te whenua. Ina titiro ki ngā mahi infrastructura rahi pērā i te hanga i ngā tōwhe, i ngā rārangi raihana hōu rānei, he nui ngā panoni ake i te haumaru o ngā kaimahi i te wā e mahi ana i ngā mea i te wā. Ko ngā kaihoko e kōrero ana mō te aratau tikangia te nui o te whai i ngā here JIS, e mārama ai pea te take i ngā wā katoa ka mutu ngā kaupapa i runga i te wā me te kore pikinga nui. Ko ēnei tānagata he tānagata hironga mo te tino o te hanganga, e hoatu ana i te whakapono ki ngā kaihangā me ngā kiritaki ka tū tonu te mea i hangaia, ka tū tonu te whakamātau, me te roa o te wā.
Te whakauru ki ngā Pūnaha Couplock me ngā Whakapae A-Frame
Kei te pai rawa te mahi a ngā punaha whakapae BS1139 me JIS ki ngā punaha couplock me ngā whakapae A-frame, e whai whārite ake ai i te wāhi o te wāhi mahi. Ina kotahi ngā punaha, ka tūhono te haumaru o ngā kaimahi i te mea ka ū tonu te kawenga me te pūmahara, nō reira he iti ake te tūpono o te tāwhai. Ko te whakaritenga anō hoki ka tere ake te hononga i te wā e whakaturia ana, e hinga ana rānei ngā whakapae, ā, ka whakaae ngā kaiwhakahaere wāhi i tēnei i ā rātou ake nekehanga haumaru. I whakamahia e ngā kamupene hanga ngā raraunga e whakaatu ana i te iti ake o ngā hinga ki ngā wāhi e whakamahi ana i ngā punaha kotui. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere haumaru e whakapā ana i te whakauru tika kāore i te here tikangia e ngā ture engari he whai hua hoki te mōhio kei te pōuri rawa te hanga whakapae kua hangaia kia tūpato ai ngā kaimahi i ia rā.